你会发现pylocker很有用。它可以用于锁定文件或一般的锁定机制，并且可以从多个Python进程一次访问。

如果你只是想锁定一个文件，下面是它的工作原理:

import uuid
from pylocker import Locker

#  create a unique lock pass. This can be any string.
lpass = str(uuid.uuid1())

# create locker instance.
FL = Locker(filePath='myfile.txt', lockPass=lpass, mode='w')

# aquire the lock
with FL as r:
    # get the result
    acquired, code, fd  = r

    # check if aquired.
    if fd is not None:
        print fd
        fd.write("I have succesfuly aquired the lock !")

# no need to release anything or to close the file descriptor, 
# with statement takes care of that. let's print fd and verify that.
print fd

锁定文件通常是特定于平台的操作，因此您可能需要考虑在不同的操作系统上运行的可能性。例如:

import os

def my_lock(f):
    if os.name == "posix":
        # Unix or OS X specific locking here
    elif os.name == "nt":
        # Windows specific locking here
    else:
        print "Unknown operating system, lock unavailable"

你会发现pylocker很有用。它可以用于锁定文件或一般的锁定机制，并且可以从多个Python进程一次访问。

如果你只是想锁定一个文件，下面是它的工作原理:

import uuid
from pylocker import Locker

#  create a unique lock pass. This can be any string.
lpass = str(uuid.uuid1())

# create locker instance.
FL = Locker(filePath='myfile.txt', lockPass=lpass, mode='w')

# aquire the lock
with FL as r:
    # get the result
    acquired, code, fd  = r

    # check if aquired.
    if fd is not None:
        print fd
        fd.write("I have succesfuly aquired the lock !")

# no need to release anything or to close the file descriptor, 
# with statement takes care of that. let's print fd and verify that.
print fd

其他解决方案引用了大量的外部代码库。如果您更愿意自己动手，这里有一些跨平台解决方案的代码，在Linux / DOS系统上使用各自的文件锁定工具。

try:
    # Posix based file locking (Linux, Ubuntu, MacOS, etc.)
    #   Only allows locking on writable files, might cause
    #   strange results for reading.
    import fcntl, os
    def lock_file(f):
        if f.writable(): fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
    def unlock_file(f):
        if f.writable(): fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    # Windows file locking
    import msvcrt, os
    def file_size(f):
        return os.path.getsize( os.path.realpath(f.name) )
    def lock_file(f):
        msvcrt.locking(f.fileno(), msvcrt.LK_RLCK, file_size(f))
    def unlock_file(f):
        msvcrt.locking(f.fileno(), msvcrt.LK_UNLCK, file_size(f))


# Class for ensuring that all file operations are atomic, treat
# initialization like a standard call to 'open' that happens to be atomic.
# This file opener *must* be used in a "with" block.
class AtomicOpen:
    # Open the file with arguments provided by user. Then acquire
    # a lock on that file object (WARNING: Advisory locking).
    def __init__(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
        # Open the file and acquire a lock on the file before operating
        self.file = open(path,*args, **kwargs)
        # Lock the opened file
        lock_file(self.file)

    # Return the opened file object (knowing a lock has been obtained).
    def __enter__(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.file

    # Unlock the file and close the file object.
    def __exit__(self, exc_type=None, exc_value=None, traceback=None):        
        # Flush to make sure all buffered contents are written to file.
        self.file.flush()
        os.fsync(self.file.fileno())
        # Release the lock on the file.
        unlock_file(self.file)
        self.file.close()
        # Handle exceptions that may have come up during execution, by
        # default any exceptions are raised to the user.
        if (exc_type != None): return False
        else:                  return True        

现在，AtomicOpen可以在with块中使用，而在这里通常使用open语句。

警告:

如果在Windows上运行并且Python在调用exit之前崩溃，我不确定锁的行为是什么。 这里提供的锁定是建议的，而不是绝对的。所有潜在的竞争进程必须使用“AtomicOpen”类。 截至2020年11月9日，此代码仅锁定Posix系统上的可写文件。在发布之后的某一时刻，在此日期之前，使用fcntl是非法的。锁定只读文件。

我曾经处理过这样的情况，我在同一个目录/文件夹中运行同一个程序的多个副本，并记录了错误。我的方法是在打开日志文件之前向磁盘写入一个“锁定文件”。程序在继续之前检查是否存在“锁文件”，如果“锁文件”存在，则等待轮到它。

代码如下:

def errlogger(error):

    while True:
        if not exists('errloglock'):
            lock = open('errloglock', 'w')
            if exists('errorlog'): log = open('errorlog', 'a')
            else: log = open('errorlog', 'w')
            log.write(str(datetime.utcnow())[0:-7] + ' ' + error + '\n')
            log.close()
            remove('errloglock')
            return
        else:
            check = stat('errloglock')
            if time() - check.st_ctime > 0.01: remove('errloglock')
            print('waiting my turn')

编辑—— 在考虑了上面关于过期锁的一些评论之后，我编辑了代码，添加了一个检查“锁文件”是否过期的检查。在我的系统上计算这个函数的几千次迭代，得到的平均值为0.002066…几秒钟前:

lock = open('errloglock', 'w')

到之后:

remove('errloglock')

所以我想我将从5倍的量开始，以表示过时并监控问题的情况。

此外，当我在处理计时时，我意识到我有一些并不真正必要的代码:

lock.close()

这是我在公开声明之后立即得到的，所以我在这次编辑中删除了它。

我一直在寻找几种解决方案，我的选择是 oslo.concurrency

它功能强大，文档也相对完善。它是基于紧固件的。

其他的解决方案:

Portalocker:需要pywin32，这是一个exe安装，所以不可能通过pip 紧固件:缺乏记录 lockfile:弃用 flufl。lock:用于POSIX系统的nfs安全文件锁定。 simpleflock:上次更新2013-07 佐。lockfile:上一次更新2016-06(截至2017-03) lock_file: 2007-10年最后一次更新