解决方案与向后兼容，不产生Xcode警告:

SEL requestSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"requestWhenInUseAuthorization");
if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined &&
  [self.locationManager respondsToSelector:requestSelector]) {
((void (*)(id, SEL))[self.locationManager methodForSelector:requestSelector])(self.locationManager, requestSelector);
  [self.locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
} else {
  [self.locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}

在Info.plist中设置NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription键。

对于iOS版本11.0+: 在Info.plist中设置NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription键。还有另外2把钥匙。

我在iOS9中得到了类似的错误(使用Xcode 7和Swift 2): 试图启动MapKit位置更新而没有提示位置授权。必须先调用-[CLLocationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization]或-[CLLocationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization]。 我是跟着一个教程，但导师使用的是iOS8和Swift 1.2。在Xcode 7和Swift 2中有一些变化，我发现了这段代码，它对我来说很好(如果有人需要帮助):

import UIKit
import MapKit
import CoreLocation

class MapViewController: UIViewController, MKMapViewDelegate, CLLocationManagerDelegate {

    // MARK: Properties
    @IBOutlet weak var mapView: MKMapView!

    let locationManager = CLLocationManager()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        self.locationManager.delegate = self
        self.locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest
        self.locationManager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        self.locationManager.startUpdatingLocation()
        self.mapView.showsUserLocation = true

    }

    // MARK: - Location Delegate Methods

    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        let location = locations.last
        let center = CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: location!.coordinate.latitude, longitude: location!.coordinate.longitude)
        let region = MKCoordinateRegion(center: center, span: MKCoordinateSpan(latitudeDelta: 1, longitudeDelta: 1))
        self.mapView.setRegion(region, animated: true)
    }

    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didFailWithError error: NSError) {
        print("Errors: " + error.localizedDescription)
    }
}

最后，我把它放到info.plist中: 信息属性列表:NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription 取值范围:应用需要为员工提供位置服务器

我最终解决了自己的问题。

显然，在iOS 8 SDK中，在开始位置更新之前需要调用CLLocationManager上的requestAlwaysAuthorization(用于后台位置)或requestWhenInUseAuthorization(仅用于前台位置)。

在Info中还需要NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription或NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription键。Plist并在提示符中显示一条消息。加上这些就解决了我的问题。

更多详细信息，请查看:Core-Location-Manager-Changes-in-ios-8

要在iOS 8中访问用户位置，你必须添加，

NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription in the Info.plist 

这将询问用户获取其当前位置的权限。

添加关键NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription或NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription(后台GPS使用)字符串要求使用GPS在每个信息。Plist从每个目标。 通过运行命令获得许可: (自我initLocationManager: locationManager);

其中“initLocationManager”为:

// asks for GPS authorization on iOS 8
-(void) initLocationManager:(CLLocationManager *) locationManager{

    locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];

    if([locationManager respondsToSelector:@selector(requestAlwaysAuthorization)])
        [locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
}

记住，如果键不是在每个信息上。Plist为每个目标，应用程序将不会询问用户。if提供了与iOS 7的兼容性，respondsToSelector:方法保证了未来的兼容性，而不仅仅是解决iOS 7和8的问题。

向后兼容解决方案:

SEL requestSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"requestWhenInUseAuthorization");
if ([CLLocationManager authorizationStatus] == kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined &&
    [self.locationManager respondsToSelector:requestSelector]) {
    [self.locationManager performSelector:requestSelector withObject:NULL];
} else {
    [self.locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}

在Info.plist中设置NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription键