如何自动缩放HTML5 <canvas>元素以适应页面?
例如,我可以得到一个<div>通过设置高度和宽度属性为100%缩放,但一个<canvas>不会缩放,会吗?
如何自动缩放HTML5 <canvas>元素以适应页面?
例如,我可以得到一个<div>通过设置高度和宽度属性为100%缩放,但一个<canvas>不会缩放,会吗?
当前回答
设置初始大小。
const canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
更新窗口大小调整。
function windowResize() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
};
window.addEventListener('resize', windowResize);
其他回答
我相信我已经找到了一个优雅的解决方案:
JavaScript
/* important! for alignment, you should make things
* relative to the canvas' current width/height.
*/
function draw() {
var ctx = (a canvas context);
ctx.canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
ctx.canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
//...drawing code...
}
CSS
html, body {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
}
到目前为止,还没有对我的表现产生任何大的负面影响。
如果你对保留纵横比感兴趣,并在纯CSS中这样做(给定纵横比),你可以像下面这样做。关键字是::content元素上的padding-bottom,用于调整容器元素的大小。这是相对于它的父类宽度的大小,默认为100%。此处指定的比率必须与canvas元素上的大小比率相匹配。
// Javascript var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas'), context = canvas.getContext('2d'); context.fillStyle = '#ff0000'; context.fillRect(500, 200, 200, 200); context.fillStyle = '#000000'; context.font = '30px serif'; context.fillText('This is some text that should not be distorted, just scaled', 10, 40); /*CSS*/ .container { position: relative; background-color: green; } .container::after { content: ' '; display: block; padding: 0 0 50%; } .wrapper { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; } canvas { width: 100%; height: 100%; } <!-- HTML --> <div class=container> <div class=wrapper> <canvas width=1200 height=600></canvas> </div> </div>
基本上你要做的是将onresize事件绑定到你的body,一旦你捕捉到事件,你只需要使用window调整画布的大小。innerWidth和window.innerHeight。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Canvas Resize</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function resize_canvas(){
canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
if (canvas.width < window.innerWidth)
{
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
}
if (canvas.height < window.innerHeight)
{
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body onresize="resize_canvas()">
<canvas id="canvas">Your browser doesn't support canvas</canvas>
</body>
</html>
一个最小的设置
HTML
<canvas></canvas>
CSS
html,
body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
}
canvas {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: block;
}
JavaScript
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(() => {
canvas.width = Math.round(canvas.clientWidth * devicePixelRatio);
canvas.height = Math.round(canvas.clientHeight * devicePixelRatio);
});
resizeObserver.observe(canvas);
对于 WebGL
const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl');
const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(() => {
canvas.width = Math.round(canvas.clientWidth * devicePixelRatio);
canvas.height = Math.round(canvas.clientHeight * devicePixelRatio);
gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
});
resizeObserver.observe(canvas);
注意,我们应该考虑到设备像素比,特别是对于HD-DPI显示。
下面是一个小而完整的代码片段,它结合了所有的答案。按:“运行代码片段”,然后按“完整页面”,调整窗口大小,以查看其运行情况:
function refresh(referenceWidth, referenceHeight, drawFunction) { const myCanvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); myCanvas.width = myCanvas.clientWidth; myCanvas.height = myCanvas.clientHeight; const ratio = Math.min( myCanvas.width / referenceWidth, myCanvas.height / referenceHeight ); const ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d"); ctx.scale(ratio, ratio); drawFunction(ctx, ratio); window.requestAnimationFrame(() => { refresh(referenceWidth, referenceHeight, drawFunction); }); } //100, 100 is the "reference" size. Choose whatever you want. refresh(100, 100, (ctx, ratio) => { //Custom drawing code! Draw whatever you want here. const referenceLineWidth = 1; ctx.lineWidth = referenceLineWidth / ratio; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.strokeStyle = "blue"; ctx.arc(50, 50, 49, 0, 2 * Math.PI); ctx.stroke(); }); div { width: 90vw; height: 90vh; } canvas { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; } <div> <canvas id="myCanvas"></canvas> </div>
这个片段使用画布。clientWidth和canvas。clientHeight而不是window。innerWidth和window。innerHeight使代码段在复杂布局中正确运行。然而,如果你只是把它放在一个使用全窗口的div中,它也适用于全窗口。这样更灵活。
代码片段使用了新窗口。请求animationframe重复调整画布的大小每帧。如果不能使用此方法,请使用setTimeout代替。而且,这是低效的。为了提高效率,存储clientWidth和clienttheight,只有当clientWidth和clienttheight改变时才重新计算和绘制。
“参考”分辨率的想法让你可以使用一个分辨率编写所有的绘制命令……并且它会自动调整到客户端大小,而无需更改绘图代码。
这个片段是不言自明的,但如果你喜欢用英语解释:https://medium.com/@doomgoober/resizing-canvas-vector-graphics- with-aliasing -7a1f9e684e4d