以下代码可用于在TypeScript中创建enum:
enum e {
hello = 1,
world = 2
};
这些值可以通过以下方式访问:
e.hello;
e.world;
我如何创建一个字符串值enum ?
enum e {
hello = "hello", // error: cannot convert string to e
world = "world" // error
};
以下代码可用于在TypeScript中创建enum:
enum e {
hello = 1,
world = 2
};
这些值可以通过以下方式访问:
e.hello;
e.world;
我如何创建一个字符串值enum ?
enum e {
hello = "hello", // error: cannot convert string to e
world = "world" // error
};
当前回答
我也有同样的问题,然后想出了一个很好用的函数:
每个条目的键和值都是字符串,并且相同。 每个条目的值都是从键派生出来的。(即。“不要重复你自己”,不像字符串值的常规枚举) TypeScript类型成熟且正确。(防止拼写错误) 还有一种简单的方法可以让TS自动完成您的选项。(如。打字MyEnum。,并立即看到可用的选项) 还有其他一些优点。(见答案底部)
效用函数:
export function createStringEnum<T extends {[key: string]: 1}>(keysObj: T) {
const optionsObj = {} as {
[K in keyof T]: keyof T
// alternative; gives narrower type for MyEnum.XXX
//[K in keyof T]: K
};
const keys = Object.keys(keysObj) as Array<keyof T>;
const values = keys; // could also check for string value-overrides on keysObj
for (const key of keys) {
optionsObj[key] = key;
}
return [optionsObj, values] as const;
}
用法:
// if the "Fruit_values" var isn't useful to you, just omit it
export const [Fruit, Fruit_values] = createStringEnum({
apple: 1,
pear: 1,
});
export type Fruit = keyof typeof Fruit; // "apple" | "pear"
//export type Fruit = typeof Fruit_values[number]; // alternative
// correct usage (with correct types)
let fruit1 = Fruit.apple; // fruit1 == "apple"
fruit1 = Fruit.pear; // assigning a new fruit also works
let fruit2 = Fruit_values[0]; // fruit2 == "apple"
// incorrect usage (should error)
let fruit3 = Fruit.tire; // errors
let fruit4: Fruit = "mirror"; // errors
现在有人可能会问,这个“基于字符串的enum”比只使用:
type Fruit = "apple" | "pear";
有几个优点:
Auto-complete is a bit nicer (imo). For example, if you type let fruit = Fruit., Typescript will immediately list the exact set of options available. With string literals, you need to define your type explicitly, eg. let fruit: Fruit = , and then press ctrl+space afterward. (and even that results in unrelated autocomplete options being shown below the valid ones) The TSDoc metadata/description for an option is carried over to the MyEnum.XXX fields! This is useful for providing additional information about the different options. For example: You can access the list of options at runtime (eg. Fruit_values, or manually with Object.values(Fruit)). With the type Fruit = ... approach, there is no built-in way to do this, which cuts off a number of use-cases. (for example, I use the runtime values for constructing json-schemas)
其他回答
最近在使用TypeScript 1.0.1时遇到了这个问题,并以这种方式解决了:
enum IEvents {
/** A click on a product or product link for one or more products. */
CLICK,
/** A view of product details. */
DETAIL,
/** Adding one or more products to a shopping cart. */
ADD,
/** Remove one or more products from a shopping cart. */
REMOVE,
/** Initiating the checkout process for one or more products. */
CHECKOUT,
/** Sending the option value for a given checkout step. */
CHECKOUT_OPTION,
/** The sale of one or more products. */
PURCHASE,
/** The refund of one or more products. */
REFUND,
/** A click on an internal promotion. */
PROMO_CLICK
}
var Events = [
'click',
'detail',
'add',
'remove',
'checkout',
'checkout_option',
'purchase',
'refund',
'promo_click'
];
function stuff(event: IEvents):boolean {
// event can now be only IEvents constants
Events[event]; // event is actually a number that matches the index of the array
}
// stuff('click') won't work, it needs to be called using stuff(IEvents.CLICK)
有很多答案,但我没有看到任何完整的解决方案。可接受的答案以及enum {this, one}的问题是,它分散了您碰巧在许多文件中使用的字符串值。我也不太喜欢“更新”,它很复杂,也没有利用类型。我认为Michael Bromley的回答是最正确的,但它的界面有点麻烦,可以用一个类型。
我使用的是TypeScript 2.0。+……这是我会做的
export type Greeting = "hello" | "world";
export const Greeting : { hello: Greeting , world: Greeting } = {
hello: "hello",
world: "world"
};
然后像这样使用:
let greet: Greeting = Greeting.hello
在使用有用的IDE时,它还具有更好的类型/悬停信息。缺点是你必须写两次字符串,但至少它只在两个地方。
//to access the enum with its string value you can convert it to object
//then you can convert enum to object with proberty
//for Example :
enum days { "one" =3, "tow", "Three" }
let _days: any = days;
if (_days.one == days.one)
{
alert(_days.one + ' | ' + _days[4]);
}
@basarat的回答很棒。下面是一个你可以使用的简化但有点扩展的例子:
export type TMyEnumType = 'value1'|'value2';
export class MyEnumType {
static VALUE1: TMyEnumType = 'value1';
static VALUE2: TMyEnumType = 'value2';
}
console.log(MyEnumType.VALUE1); // 'value1'
const variable = MyEnumType.VALUE2; // it has the string value 'value2'
switch (variable) {
case MyEnumType.VALUE1:
// code...
case MyEnumType.VALUE2:
// code...
}
我在TypeScript 1.5中尝试过,如下所示,它对我来说很有效
module App.Constants {
export enum e{
Hello= ("Hello") as any,
World= ("World") as any
}
}