考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺，只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。
var readFile = function(file) {
... // Returns a promise.
};
var readFiles = function(files) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
var readSequential = function(index) {
if (index >= files.length) {
resolve();
} else {
readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
readSequential(index + 1);
}).catch(reject);
}
};
readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
});
};
上面的代码可以工作，但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码，这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?
最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生，这不是我想要的:
var readFiles = function(files) {
return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
return readFile(file);
}));
};
我喜欢的解决方案:
function processArray(arr, fn) {
return arr.reduce(
(p, v) => p.then((a) => fn(v).then(r => a.concat([r]))),
Promise.resolve([])
);
}
它与这里发表的其他文章没有本质区别，但是:
将函数应用于序列中的项
解析为结果数组
不需要async/await(支持仍然非常有限，大约在2017年)
使用箭头函数;非常简洁
使用示例:
const numbers = [0, 4, 20, 100];
const multiplyBy3 = (x) => new Promise(res => res(x * 3));
// Prints [ 0, 12, 60, 300 ]
processArray(numbers, multiplyBy3).then(console.log);
在当前合理的Chrome (v59)和NodeJS (v8.1.2)上测试。
另外的例子
const addTwo = async () => 2;
const addThree = async (inValue) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve(inValue + 3), 2000));
const addFour = (inValue) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res(inValue + 4), 1000));
const addFive = async (inValue) => inValue + 5;
// Function which handles promises from above
async function sequenceAddition() {
let sum = await [addTwo, addThree, addFour, addFive].reduce(
(promise, currPromise) => promise.then((val) => currPromise(val)),
Promise.resolve()
);
console.log('sum:', sum); // 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 14
}
// Run function. See console for result.
sequenceAddition();
使用reduce()的通用语法
function sequence(tasks, fn) {
return tasks.reduce((promise, task) => promise.then(() => fn(task)), Promise.resolve());
}
更新
items-promise是一个准备使用NPM包做同样的事情。
我发现自己多次回到这个问题上，答案并没有给我我想要的，所以把这个放在这里给任何需要这个问题的人。
下面的代码执行顺序承诺执行(一个接一个)，每一轮由多个调用组成:
async function sequence(list, cb) {
const result = [];
await list.reduce(async (promise, item) => promise
.then(() => cb(item))
.then((res) => result.push(res)
), Promise.resolve());
return result;
}
展示:
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/axios/0.15.3/axios.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone@7/babel.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/babel">
function sleep(ms) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
async function readFile(url, index) {
console.log('Running index: ', index);
// First action
const firstTime = await axios.get(url);
console.log('First API response: ', firstTime.data.activity);
// Second action
await sleep(1000);
// Third action
const secondTime = await axios.get(url);
console.log('Second API response: ', secondTime.data.activity);
// Fourth action
await sleep(1000);
return secondTime.data;
}
async function sequence(urls, fn) {
const result = [];
await urls.reduce(async (promise, url, index) => promise.then(() => fn(url, index)).then((res) => result.push(res)), Promise.resolve());
return result;
}
const urls = [
'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity',
'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity',
'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity',
];
(async function init() {
const result = await sequence(urls, readFile);
console.log('result', result);
})()
</script>
有一个npm包Promise Serial可以很好地做到这一点:
const Promise_serial = require('promise-serial');
const promises =
Array(15).fill()
.map((_, i) =>
() => new Promise(resolve => {
console.log('promise '+i+' start');
setTimeout(
() => {
console.log('promise '+i+' end');
resolve('output-'+i);
},
500
);
})
);
console.log('### Run promises in sequence')
Promise_serial(promises)
输出:
promise 0 start
promise 0 end
promise 1 start
promise 1 end
promise 2 start
promise 2 end
promise 3 start
promise 3 end
promise 4 start
promise 4 end
promise 5 start
promise 5 end
promise 6 start
promise 6 end
promise 7 start
promise 7 end
... etc
您还可以批处理或并行化它们。
参见:https://www.npmjs.com/package/promise-serial
