实际上，快速排序是O(n2)。它的平均情况运行时间是O(nlog(n))，但最坏情况是O(n2)，这发生在在包含很少唯一项的列表上运行时。随机化花费O(n)。当然，这并没有改变最坏的情况，它只是防止恶意用户使您的排序花费很长时间。

快速排序更受欢迎，因为它:

(MergeSort需要额外的内存，与要排序的元素数量成线性关系)。 有一个小的隐藏常数。

One of the reason is more philosophical. Quicksort is Top->Down philosophy. With n elements to sort, there are n! possibilities. With 2 partitions of m & n-m which are mutually exclusive, the number of possibilities go down in several orders of magnitude. m! * (n-m)! is smaller by several orders than n! alone. imagine 5! vs 3! *2!. 5! has 10 times more possibilities than 2 partitions of 2 & 3 each . and extrapolate to 1 million factorial vs 900K!*100K! vs. So instead of worrying about establishing any order within a range or a partition,just establish order at a broader level in partitions and reduce the possibilities within a partition. Any order established earlier within a range will be disturbed later if the partitions themselves are not mutually exclusive.

任何自下而上的排序方法，如归并排序或堆排序，就像工人或雇员的方法一样，人们很早就开始在微观层面进行比较。但是，一旦在它们之间发现了一个元素，这个顺序就必然会丢失。这些方法非常稳定和可预测，但要做一定量的额外工作。

Quick Sort is like Managerial approach where one is not initially concerned about any order , only about meeting a broad criterion with No regard for order. Then the partitions are narrowed until you get a sorted set. The real challenge in Quicksort is in finding a partition or criterion in the dark when you know nothing about the elements to sort. That is why we either need to spend some effort to find a median value or pick 1 at random or some arbitrary "Managerial" approach . To find a perfect median can take significant amount of effort and leads to a stupid bottom up approach again. So Quicksort says just a pick a random pivot and hope that it will be somewhere in the middle or do some work to find median of 3 , 5 or something more to find a better median but do not plan to be perfect & don't waste any time in initially ordering. That seems to do well if you are lucky or sometimes degrades to n^2 when you don't get a median but just take a chance. Any way data is random. right. So I agree more with the top ->down logical approach of quicksort & it turns out that the chance it takes about pivot selection & comparisons that it saves earlier seems to work better more times than any meticulous & thorough stable bottom ->up approach like merge sort. But

虽然它们都在相同的复杂度类中，但这并不意味着它们都具有相同的运行时。快速排序通常比归并排序更快，因为它更容易编写紧凑的实现代码，它所做的操作也更快。这是因为快速排序通常更快，人们使用它而不是归并排序。

然而!我个人经常会使用归并排序或快速排序变体，当快速排序表现不佳时，它们会降级为归并排序。记住。快速排序平均只有O(n log n)最坏情况是O(n²)归并排序总是O(n log n).在实时性能或响应性是必须的情况下，你的输入数据可能来自恶意来源，你不应该使用简单的快速排序。

同时考虑时间和空间的复杂性。 归并排序: 时间复杂度:O(nlogn)， 空间复杂度:O(nlogn)

快速排序: 时间复杂度:O(n²)， 空间复杂度:O(n)

现在，他们各自在一个场景中获胜。 但是，使用随机枢轴，您几乎总是可以将快速排序的时间复杂度降低到O(nlogn)。

因此，在许多应用中，快速排序是首选，而不是归并排序。

快速排序和合并排序的小增加。

它还可以依赖于排序项的类型。如果访问项、交换和比较不是简单的操作，就像比较平面内存中的整数一样，那么归并排序可能是更可取的算法。

例如，我们在远程服务器上使用网络协议对项目进行排序。

而且，在像“链表”这样的自定义容器中，也没有快速排序的好处。 1. 对链表进行归并排序，不需要额外的内存。 2. 快速排序中对元素的访问不是顺序的(在内存中)

快速排序是最坏情况O(n²)，然而，平均情况始终执行归并排序。每个算法都是O(nlogn)，但你需要记住，当谈论大O时，我们忽略了较低的复杂度因素。当涉及到常数因子时，快速排序比归并排序有显著的改进。

归并排序也需要O(2n)内存，而快速排序可以就地完成(只需要O(n))。这是快速排序通常比归并排序更受欢迎的另一个原因。

额外信息:

快速排序的最坏情况发生在枢轴选择不佳时。考虑下面的例子:

[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

If the pivot is chosen as the smallest or largest number in the group then quick sort will run in O(n^2). The probability of choosing the element that is in the largest or smallest 25% of the list is 0.5. That gives the algorithm a 0.5 chance of being a good pivot. If we employ a typical pivot choosing algorithm (say choosing a random element), we have 0.5 chance of choosing a good pivot for every choice of a pivot. For collections of a large size the probability of always choosing a poor pivot is 0.5 * n. Based on this probability quick sort is efficient for the average (and typical) case.