无突变：

const groupBy = (xs, key) => xs.reduce((acc, x) => Object.assign({}, acc, {
  [x[key]]: (acc[x[key]] || []).concat(x)
}), {})

console.log(groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length'));
// => {3: ["one", "two"], 5: ["three"]}

let x  = [
  {
    "id": "6",
    "name": "SMD L13",
    "equipmentType": {
      "id": "1",
      "name": "SMD"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "7",
    "name": "SMD L15",
    "equipmentType": {
      "id": "1",
      "name": "SMD"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "2",
    "name": "SMD L1",
    "equipmentType": {
      "id": "1",
      "name": "SMD"
    }
  }
];

function groupBy(array, property) {
  return array.reduce((accumulator, current) => {
    const object_property = current[property];
    delete current[property]

    let classified_element = accumulator.find(x => x.id === object_property.id);
    let other_elements = accumulator.filter(x => x.id !== object_property.id);

   if (classified_element) {
     classified_element.children.push(current)
   } else {
     classified_element = {
       ...object_property, 
       'children': [current]
     }
   }
   return [classified_element, ...other_elements];
 }, [])
}

console.log( groupBy(x, 'equipmentType') )

/* output 

[
  {
    "id": "1",
    "name": "SMD",
    "children": [
      {
        "id": "6",
        "name": "SMD L13"
      },
      {
        "id": "7",
        "name": "SMD L15"
      },
      {
        "id": "2",
        "name": "SMD L1"
      }
    ]
  }
]

*/

您可以使用Alasql JavaScript库来实现：

var data = [ { Phase: "Phase 1", Step: "Step 1", Task: "Task 1", Value: "5" },
             { Phase: "Phase 1", Step: "Step 1", Task: "Task 2", Value: "10" }];

var res = alasql('SELECT Phase, Step, SUM(CAST([Value] AS INT)) AS [Value] \
                  FROM ? GROUP BY Phase, Step',[data]);

在jsFiddle尝试这个示例。

BTW：在大型阵列（100000条记录及以上）上，Alasql比Linq更快。参见jsPref中的测试。

评论：

这里我将Value放在方括号中，因为Value是SQL中的关键字我必须使用CAST（）函数将字符串值转换为数字类型。

我会检查一下lodash组，它似乎正是你想要的。它也很轻，非常简单。

Fiddle示例：https://jsfiddle.net/r7szvt5k/

如果数组名称为arr，则带有lodash的groupBy仅为：

import groupBy from 'lodash/groupBy';
// if you still use require:
// const groupBy = require('lodash/groupBy');

const a = groupBy(arr, function(n) {
  return n.Phase;
});
// a is your array grouped by Phase attribute

我不认为给出的答案是对问题的回应，我认为以下内容应回答第一部分：

常量arr=[｛阶段：“阶段1”，步骤：“步骤1”，任务：“任务1”，值：“5”｝，｛阶段：“阶段1”，步骤：“步骤1”，任务：“任务2”，值：“10”｝，｛阶段：“阶段1”，步骤：“步骤2”，任务：“任务1”，值：“15”｝，｛阶段：“阶段1”，步骤：“步骤2”，任务：“任务2”，值：“20”｝，｛阶段：“阶段2”，步骤：“步骤1”，任务：“任务1”，值：“25”｝，｛阶段：“阶段2”，步骤：“步骤1”，任务：“任务2”，值：“30”｝，｛阶段：“阶段2”，步骤：“步骤2”，任务：“任务1”，值：“35”｝，｛阶段：“阶段2”，步骤：“步骤2”，任务：“任务2”，值：“40”｝]const groupBy=（key）=>arr.sort（（a，b）=>a[key].localeCompare（b[key]））.reduce（（total，currentValue）=>{const newTotal=总计；如果(总长度&&总计[total.length-1][key]==当前值[key])新总计[total.length-1]={…总计[总长度-1]，…当前值，值：parseInt（total[total.length-1].Value）+parseInt（currentValue.Value，};else newTotal[total.length]=当前值；return newTotal；}, []);console.log（groupBy（“阶段”））；//=>[｛阶段：“阶段1”，值：50｝，｛阶段“阶段2”，值130｝]console.log（groupBy（“步骤”））；//=>[｛步骤：“步骤1”，值：70｝，｛步骤“步骤2”，值为110｝]

我会检查声明性js groupBy，它似乎正符合您的要求。它也是：

非常有性能（性能基准）用打字机书写，所以所有打字都包括在内。不强制使用第三方类似数组的对象。

import { Reducers } from 'declarative-js';
import groupBy = Reducers.groupBy;
import Map = Reducers.Map;

const data = [
    { Phase: "Phase 1", Step: "Step 1", Task: "Task 1", Value: "5" },
    { Phase: "Phase 1", Step: "Step 1", Task: "Task 2", Value: "10" },
    { Phase: "Phase 1", Step: "Step 2", Task: "Task 1", Value: "15" },
    { Phase: "Phase 1", Step: "Step 2", Task: "Task 2", Value: "20" },
    { Phase: "Phase 2", Step: "Step 1", Task: "Task 1", Value: "25" },
    { Phase: "Phase 2", Step: "Step 1", Task: "Task 2", Value: "30" },
    { Phase: "Phase 2", Step: "Step 2", Task: "Task 1", Value: "35" },
    { Phase: "Phase 2", Step: "Step 2", Task: "Task 2", Value: "40" }
];

data.reduce(groupBy(element=> element.Step), Map());
data.reduce(groupBy('Step'), Map());