+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Name               | Role                 | Consumable? | Resolveable? | Description                             |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| api                | Declaring            |      no     |      no      | This is where you should declare        |
|                    | API                  |             |              | dependencies which are transitively     |
|                    | dependencies         |             |              | exported to consumers, for compile.     |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| implementation     | Declaring            |      no     |      no      | This is where you should                |
|                    | implementation       |             |              | declare dependencies which are          |
|                    | dependencies         |             |              | purely internal and not                 |
|                    |                      |             |              | meant to be exposed to consumers.       |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| compileOnly        | Declaring compile    |     yes     |      yes     | This is where you should                |
|                    | only                 |             |              | declare dependencies                    |
|                    | dependencies         |             |              | which are only required                 |
|                    |                      |             |              | at compile time, but should             |
|                    |                      |             |              | not leak into the runtime.              |
|                    |                      |             |              | This typically includes dependencies    |
|                    |                      |             |              | which are shaded when found at runtime. |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| runtimeOnly        | Declaring            |      no     |      no      | This is where you should                |
|                    | runtime              |             |              | declare dependencies which              |
|                    | dependencies         |             |              | are only required at runtime,           |
|                    |                      |             |              | and not at compile time.                |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| testImplementation | Test dependencies    |      no     |      no      | This is where you                       |
|                    |                      |             |              | should declare dependencies             |
|                    |                      |             |              | which are used to compile tests.        |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| testCompileOnly    | Declaring test       |     yes     |      yes     | This is where you should                |
|                    | compile only         |             |              | declare dependencies                    |
|                    | dependencies         |             |              | which are only required                 |
|                    |                      |             |              | at test compile time,                   |
|                    |                      |             |              | but should not leak into the runtime.   |
|                    |                      |             |              | This typically includes dependencies    |
|                    |                      |             |              | which are shaded when found at runtime. |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+
| testRuntimeOnly    | Declaring test       |      no     |      no      | This is where you should                |
|                    | runtime dependencies |             |              | declare dependencies which              |
|                    |                      |             |              | are only required at test               |
|                    |                      |             |              | runtime, and not at test compile time.  |
+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+

博士tl;

只是替换:

使用实现(如果你不需要传递性)或API(如果你需要传递性)编译 使用testimplemimplementation进行testCompile 使用debugImplementation进行debugCompile androidTestCompile与androidTestImplementation compileOnly仍然有效。它是在3.0中添加的，用于替换提供的和不编译的。(当Gradle没有为该用例提供配置名称时，就引入了该用例，并以Maven提供的作用域命名。)

这是谷歌在IO17大会上宣布的Android Gradle插件3.0的突破性变化之一。

compile配置现在已弃用，应该由实现或api取代

来自Gradle文档:

dependencies { api("commons-httpclient:commons-httpclient:3.1") implementation("org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.5") } Dependencies appearing in the api configurations will be transitively exposed to consumers of the library, and as such will appear on the compile classpath of consumers. Dependencies found in the implementation configuration will, on the other hand, not be exposed to consumers, and therefore not leak into the consumers' compile classpath. This comes with several benefits: dependencies do not leak into the compile classpath of consumers anymore, so you will never accidentally depend on a transitive dependency faster compilation thanks to reduced classpath size less recompilations when implementation dependencies change: consumers would not need to be recompiled cleaner publishing: when used in conjunction with the new maven-publish plugin, Java libraries produce POM files that distinguish exactly between what is required to compile against the library and what is required to use the library at runtime (in other words, don't mix what is needed to compile the library itself and what is needed to compile against the library). The compile configuration still exists, but should not be used as it will not offer the guarantees that the api and implementation configurations provide.

注意:如果你只在你的app模块中使用一个库——通常情况下——你不会注意到任何区别。 只有当您有一个相互依赖的模块的复杂项目，或者您正在创建一个库时，您才会看到区别。

编译配置已弃用，应由实现或api取代。

你可以在API和实现分离部分阅读文档。

简短的部分是

The key difference between the standard Java plugin and the Java Library plugin is that the latter introduces the concept of an API exposed to consumers. A library is a Java component meant to be consumed by other components. It's a very common use case in multi-project builds, but also as soon as you have external dependencies. The plugin exposes two configurations that can be used to declare dependencies: api and implementation. The api configuration should be used to declare dependencies which are exported by the library API, whereas the implementation configuration should be used to declare dependencies which are internal to the component.

进一步的解释请参考这张图片。

在继续之前先做一些笔记;compile已弃用，并且文档声明您应该使用implementation，因为compile将在Gradle 7.0版本中被删除。 如果你使用——warning-mode运行Gradle构建，你会看到以下消息:

对于依赖项声明，compile配置已弃用。这将失败，并在Gradle 7.0中出现错误。请改用实现配置。

只要看看帮助页上的图片，就很有意义了。

你有蓝色框compileClasspath和runtimeClassPath。 当运行gradle build时，compileClasspath是成功构建所必需的。编译时将出现在类路径上的库将是在gradle构建中使用compileOnly或implementation配置的所有库。

然后我们有runtimeClasspath，这些都是使用实现或runtimeOnly添加的包。所有这些库都将添加到您部署到服务器上的最终构建文件中。

如图所示，如果您希望一个库既用于编译，又希望将它添加到构建文件中，那么应该使用实现。

runtimeOnly的示例可以是数据库驱动程序。 compileOnly的一个例子可以是servlet-api。 实现的一个例子是spring-core。

其他答案解释了这种差异。

只要确保对于Kotlin DSL (build.gradle.kts)，函数应该有圆括号，它们的字符串参数应该用双引号括起来，而不是单引号:

Groovy (build.gradle) 实现“com.android.support: appcompat-v7:25.0.0” testImplementation“junit: junit: 4.12” 芬兰湾的科特林(build.gradle.kts) 实现(“com.android.support: appcompat-v7:25.0.0”) testImplementation(“junit: junit: 4.12”)

Gradle依赖项配置

Gradle 3.0引入了以下变化:

compile -> api api keyword is the same as deprecated compile which expose this dependency for all levels compile -> implementation Is preferable way because has some advantages. implementation expose dependency only for one level up at build time (the dependency is available at runtime). As a result you have a faster build(no need to recompile consumers which are higher then 1 level up) provided -> compileOnly This dependency is available only in compile time(the dependency is not available at runtime). This dependency can not be transitive and be .aar. It can be used with compile time annotation processor[About] and allows you to reduce a final output file compile -> annotationProcessor Very similar to compileOnly but also guarantees that transitive dependency are not visible for consumer apk -> runtimeOnly Dependency is not available in compile time but available at runtime.

[POM依赖类型]