我在Python中有两个列表:
temp1 = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four']
temp2 = ['One', 'Two']
假设每个列表中的元素都是唯一的，我想用第一个列表中的项创建第三个列表，这些项不在第二个列表中:
temp3 = ['Three', 'Four']
有没有没有周期和检查的快速方法?
当前回答
假设我们有两个列表
list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
从上面两个列表中我们可以看到，list2中有第1、3、5项，而第7、9项不存在。另一方面，第1、3、5项在list1中存在，第2、4项不存在。
返回包含项目7,9和2,4的新列表的最佳解决方案是什么?
以上所有答案都找到了解，现在什么是最优的?
def difference(list1, list2):
new_list = []
for i in list1:
if i not in list2:
new_list.append(i)
for j in list2:
if j not in list1:
new_list.append(j)
return new_list
与
def sym_diff(list1, list2):
return list(set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2)))
利用时间，我们可以看到结果
t1 = timeit.Timer("difference(list1, list2)", "from __main__ import difference,
list1, list2")
t2 = timeit.Timer("sym_diff(list1, list2)", "from __main__ import sym_diff,
list1, list2")
print('Using two for loops', t1.timeit(number=100000), 'Milliseconds')
print('Using two for loops', t2.timeit(number=100000), 'Milliseconds')
返回
[7, 9, 2, 4]
Using two for loops 0.11572412995155901 Milliseconds
Using symmetric_difference 0.11285737506113946 Milliseconds
Process finished with exit code 0
其他回答
我想要一个能够使用两个列表并能做diff in bash所做的事情的东西。因为当你搜索“python diff two lists”时，这个问题首先会弹出，而且不是很具体，所以我会把我想到的贴出来。
使用difflib中的SequenceMather，你可以像diff一样比较两个列表。其他答案都不会告诉你差异发生的位置，但这个答案可以。有些答案只给出了一个方向上的差异。有些元素会重新排序。有些公司不处理副本。但是这个解决方案让你在两个列表之间有了真正的区别:
a = 'A quick fox jumps the lazy dog'.split()
b = 'A quick brown mouse jumps over the dog'.split()
from difflib import SequenceMatcher
for tag, i, j, k, l in SequenceMatcher(None, a, b).get_opcodes():
if tag == 'equal': print('both have', a[i:j])
if tag in ('delete', 'replace'): print(' 1st has', a[i:j])
if tag in ('insert', 'replace'): print(' 2nd has', b[k:l])
这个输出:
both have ['A', 'quick']
1st has ['fox']
2nd has ['brown', 'mouse']
both have ['jumps']
2nd has ['over']
both have ['the']
1st has ['lazy']
both have ['dog']
当然，如果您的应用程序做出了与其他答案相同的假设，那么您将从中受益最大。但如果你正在寻找一个真正的差异功能，那么这是唯一的方法。
例如，其他答案都无法处理:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [5,4,3,2,1]
但这一个有:
2nd has [5, 4, 3, 2]
both have [1]
1st has [2, 3, 4, 5]
如果你想要递归的区别，我写了一个python包: https://github.com/seperman/deepdiff
安装
从PyPi安装:
pip install deepdiff
示例使用
进口
>>> from deepdiff import DeepDiff
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> from __future__ import print_function # In case running on Python 2
同一对象返回空
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
>>> t2 = t1
>>> print(DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{}
项目类型发生变化
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:"2", 3:3}
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2), indent=2)
{ 'type_changes': { 'root[2]': { 'newtype': <class 'str'>,
'newvalue': '2',
'oldtype': <class 'int'>,
'oldvalue': 2}}}
某项的值已更改
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:4, 3:3}
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2), indent=2)
{'values_changed': {'root[2]': {'newvalue': 4, 'oldvalue': 2}}}
项目添加和/或删除
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:4}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:4, 3:3, 5:5, 6:6}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff)
{'dic_item_added': ['root[5]', 'root[6]'],
'dic_item_removed': ['root[4]'],
'values_changed': {'root[2]': {'newvalue': 4, 'oldvalue': 2}}}
字符串的区别
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world"}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:4, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world!"}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'values_changed': { 'root[2]': {'newvalue': 4, 'oldvalue': 2},
"root[4]['b']": { 'newvalue': 'world!',
'oldvalue': 'world'}}}
字符串差2
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world!\nGoodbye!\n1\n2\nEnd"}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world\n1\n2\nEnd"}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'values_changed': { "root[4]['b']": { 'diff': '--- \n'
'+++ \n'
'@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@\n'
'-world!\n'
'-Goodbye!\n'
'+world\n'
' 1\n'
' 2\n'
' End',
'newvalue': 'world\n1\n2\nEnd',
'oldvalue': 'world!\n'
'Goodbye!\n'
'1\n'
'2\n'
'End'}}}
>>>
>>> print (ddiff['values_changed']["root[4]['b']"]["diff"])
---
+++
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-world!
-Goodbye!
+world
1
2
End
类型变化
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":"world\n\n\nEnd"}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'type_changes': { "root[4]['b']": { 'newtype': <class 'str'>,
'newvalue': 'world\n\n\nEnd',
'oldtype': <class 'list'>,
'oldvalue': [1, 2, 3]}}}
列表的区别
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3, 4]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{'iterable_item_removed': {"root[4]['b'][2]": 3, "root[4]['b'][3]": 4}}
差异2:
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 3, 2, 3]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'iterable_item_added': {"root[4]['b'][3]": 3},
'values_changed': { "root[4]['b'][1]": {'newvalue': 3, 'oldvalue': 2},
"root[4]['b'][2]": {'newvalue': 2, 'oldvalue': 3}}}
列出差异忽略顺序或重复项:(使用与上面相同的字典)
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, 3]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 3, 2, 3]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2, ignore_order=True)
>>> print (ddiff)
{}
包含字典的列表:
>>> t1 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, {1:1, 2:2}]}}
>>> t2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3, 4:{"a":"hello", "b":[1, 2, {1:3}]}}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (ddiff, indent = 2)
{ 'dic_item_removed': ["root[4]['b'][2][2]"],
'values_changed': {"root[4]['b'][2][1]": {'newvalue': 3, 'oldvalue': 1}}}
集:
>>> t1 = {1, 2, 8}
>>> t2 = {1, 2, 3, 5}
>>> ddiff = DeepDiff(t1, t2)
>>> pprint (DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'set_item_added': ['root[3]', 'root[5]'], 'set_item_removed': ['root[8]']}
叫元组:
>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
>>> t1 = Point(x=11, y=22)
>>> t2 = Point(x=11, y=23)
>>> pprint (DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'values_changed': {'root.y': {'newvalue': 23, 'oldvalue': 22}}}
自定义对象:
>>> class ClassA(object):
... a = 1
... def __init__(self, b):
... self.b = b
...
>>> t1 = ClassA(1)
>>> t2 = ClassA(2)
>>>
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'values_changed': {'root.b': {'newvalue': 2, 'oldvalue': 1}}}
对象属性添加:
>>> t2.c = "new attribute"
>>> pprint(DeepDiff(t1, t2))
{'attribute_added': ['root.c'],
'values_changed': {'root.b': {'newvalue': 2, 'oldvalue': 1}}}
假设我们有两个列表
list1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
从上面两个列表中我们可以看到，list2中有第1、3、5项，而第7、9项不存在。另一方面，第1、3、5项在list1中存在，第2、4项不存在。
返回包含项目7,9和2,4的新列表的最佳解决方案是什么?
以上所有答案都找到了解，现在什么是最优的?
def difference(list1, list2):
new_list = []
for i in list1:
if i not in list2:
new_list.append(i)
for j in list2:
if j not in list1:
new_list.append(j)
return new_list
与
def sym_diff(list1, list2):
return list(set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2)))
利用时间，我们可以看到结果
t1 = timeit.Timer("difference(list1, list2)", "from __main__ import difference,
list1, list2")
t2 = timeit.Timer("sym_diff(list1, list2)", "from __main__ import sym_diff,
list1, list2")
print('Using two for loops', t1.timeit(number=100000), 'Milliseconds')
print('Using two for loops', t2.timeit(number=100000), 'Milliseconds')
返回
[7, 9, 2, 4]
Using two for loops 0.11572412995155901 Milliseconds
Using symmetric_difference 0.11285737506113946 Milliseconds
Process finished with exit code 0
这可以用一行来解决。 问题给出两个列表(temp1和temp2)，在第三个列表(temp3)中返回它们的差值。
temp3 = list(set(temp1).difference(set(temp2)))
如果你遇到TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'，你需要将列表或集转换为元组。
set(map(tuple, list_of_lists1)).symmetric_difference(set(map(tuple, list_of_lists2)))
参见如何比较python中的列表/集列表?
