import UIKit
import RxSwift

@IBDesignable class TextViewWithPlaceholder: UITextView {
    
    //MARK: - Propertise
    @IBInspectable var placeholderText: String = ""
    
    let placeholderLabel = LocalizedUILabel()
    private let hidePlaceholderObserver = PublishSubject<Bool>()
    let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
    
    
    //MARK: - Did Move To Window
    override func didMoveToWindow() {
        super.didMoveToWindow()
        observeOnTextViewEditing()
        configurePlaceholder()
    }
    
    
    //MARK: - Observe On Text View Editing
    private func observeOnTextViewEditing() {
        rx.text.subscribe(onNext: { [weak self] selectedText in
            guard let self = self else { return }
            self.hidePlaceholderObserver.onNext((selectedText?.isEmpty ?? true) ? false : true)
            
        }).disposed(by: disposeBag)
    }
    
    
    //MARK: - Observe On Show Hide Placeholder
    private func configurePlaceholder() {
        hidePlaceholderObserver
            .bind(to: placeholderLabel.rx.isHidden)
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)
        
        placeholderLabel.text = placeholderText
        placeholderLabel.font = UIFont(name: "Poppins-Semibold", size: 16) ?? UIFont()
        placeholderLabel.textColor = .lightGray
        
        placeholderLabel.sizeToFit()
        placeholderLabel.frame.origin = CGPoint(x: 8, y: 8)
        addSubview(placeholderLabel)
    }
    
}

我试着用clearlight的答案来简化代码。

extension UITextView{

    func setPlaceholder() {

        let placeholderLabel = UILabel()
        placeholderLabel.text = "Enter some text..."
        placeholderLabel.font = UIFont.italicSystemFont(ofSize: (self.font?.pointSize)!)
        placeholderLabel.sizeToFit()
        placeholderLabel.tag = 222
        placeholderLabel.frame.origin = CGPoint(x: 5, y: (self.font?.pointSize)! / 2)
        placeholderLabel.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        placeholderLabel.isHidden = !self.text.isEmpty

        self.addSubview(placeholderLabel)
    }

    func checkPlaceholder() {
        let placeholderLabel = self.viewWithTag(222) as! UILabel
        placeholderLabel.isHidden = !self.text.isEmpty
    }

}

使用

override func viewDidLoad() {
    textView.delegate = self
    textView.setPlaceholder()
}

func textViewDidChange(_ textView: UITextView) {
    textView.checkPlaceholder()
}

对我来说，一个简单而快速的解决方法是:

@IBDesignable
class PlaceHolderTextView: UITextView {

    @IBInspectable var placeholder: String = "" {
         didSet{
             updatePlaceHolder()
        }
    }

    @IBInspectable var placeholderColor: UIColor = UIColor.gray {
        didSet {
            updatePlaceHolder()
        }
    }

    private var originalTextColor = UIColor.darkText
    private var originalText: String = ""

    private func updatePlaceHolder() {

        if self.text == "" || self.text == placeholder  {

            self.text = placeholder
            self.textColor = placeholderColor
            if let color = self.textColor {

                self.originalTextColor = color
            }
            self.originalText = ""
        } else {
            self.textColor = self.originalTextColor
            self.originalText = self.text
        }

    }

    override func becomeFirstResponder() -> Bool {
        let result = super.becomeFirstResponder()
        self.text = self.originalText
        self.textColor = self.originalTextColor
        return result
    }
    override func resignFirstResponder() -> Bool {
        let result = super.resignFirstResponder()
        updatePlaceHolder()

        return result
    }
}

我很惊讶没有人提到NSTextStorageDelegate。UITextViewDelegate的方法只能由用户交互触发，而不是以编程方式触发。例如，当你以编程方式设置一个文本视图的文本属性时，你必须自己设置占位符的可见性，因为委派方法不会被调用。

然而，使用NSTextStorageDelegate的textStorage(_:didProcessEditing:range:changeInLength:)方法，你会收到任何文本更改的通知，即使它是通过编程完成的。就像这样分配它:

textView.textStorage.delegate = self

(在UITextView中，这个委派属性默认为nil，所以它不会影响任何默认行为。)

将它与@clearlight演示的UILabel技术结合起来，可以轻松地将整个UITextView的占位符实现包装成一个扩展。

extension UITextView {

    private class PlaceholderLabel: UILabel { }

    private var placeholderLabel: PlaceholderLabel {
        if let label = subviews.compactMap( { $0 as? PlaceholderLabel }).first {
            return label
        } else {
            let label = PlaceholderLabel(frame: .zero)
            label.font = font
            addSubview(label)
            return label
        }
    }

    @IBInspectable
    var placeholder: String {
        get {
            return subviews.compactMap( { $0 as? PlaceholderLabel }).first?.text ?? ""
        }
        set {
            let placeholderLabel = self.placeholderLabel
            placeholderLabel.text = newValue
            placeholderLabel.numberOfLines = 0
            let width = frame.width - textContainer.lineFragmentPadding * 2
            let size = placeholderLabel.sizeThatFits(CGSize(width: width, height: .greatestFiniteMagnitude))
            placeholderLabel.frame.size.height = size.height
            placeholderLabel.frame.size.width = width
            placeholderLabel.frame.origin = CGPoint(x: textContainer.lineFragmentPadding, y: textContainerInset.top)

            textStorage.delegate = self
        }
    }

}

extension UITextView: NSTextStorageDelegate {

    public func textStorage(_ textStorage: NSTextStorage, didProcessEditing editedMask: NSTextStorageEditActions, range editedRange: NSRange, changeInLength delta: Int) {
        if editedMask.contains(.editedCharacters) {
            placeholderLabel.isHidden = !text.isEmpty
        }
    }

}

注意，使用了一个名为PlaceholderLabel的私有(嵌套)类。它根本没有实现，但它为我们提供了一种识别占位符标签的方法，这比使用tag属性要“快捷”得多。

使用这种方法，你仍然可以将UITextView的委托分配给其他人。

你甚至不需要改变文本视图的类。只要添加扩展，你就可以为项目中的每个UITextView分配一个占位符字符串，甚至在接口生成器中也是如此。

出于清晰的原因，我省略了placeholderColor属性的实现，但是它可以用与placeholder类似的计算变量在多几行中实现。

我相信这是一个非常干净的解决方案。它在实际文本视图下面添加了一个虚拟文本视图，并根据实际文本视图中的文本显示或隐藏它:

import Foundation
import UIKit

class TextViewWithPlaceholder: UITextView {

    private var placeholderTextView: UITextView = UITextView()

    var placeholder: String? {
        didSet {
            placeholderTextView.text = placeholder
        }
    }

    override var text: String! {
        didSet {
            placeholderTextView.isHidden = text.isEmpty == false
        }
    }

    override init(frame: CGRect, textContainer: NSTextContainer?) {
        super.init(frame: frame, textContainer: textContainer)
        commonInit()
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        commonInit()
    }

    private func commonInit() {
        applyCommonTextViewAttributes(to: self)
        configureMainTextView()
        addPlaceholderTextView()
        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self,
                                               selector: #selector(textDidChange),
                                               name: UITextView.textDidChangeNotification,
                                               object: nil)
    }

    func addPlaceholderTextView() {
        applyCommonTextViewAttributes(to: placeholderTextView)
        configurePlaceholderTextView()
        insertSubview(placeholderTextView, at: 0)
    }

    private func applyCommonTextViewAttributes(to textView: UITextView) {
        textView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        textView.textContainer.lineFragmentPadding = 0
        textView.textContainerInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 10,
                                                   left: 10,
                                                   bottom: 10,
                                                   right: 10)
    }

    private func configureMainTextView() {
        // Do any configuration of the actual text view here
    }

    private func configurePlaceholderTextView() {
        placeholderTextView.text = placeholder
        placeholderTextView.font = font
        placeholderTextView.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        placeholderTextView.frame = bounds
        placeholderTextView.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
    }

    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()
        placeholderTextView.frame = bounds
    }

    @objc func textDidChange() {
        placeholderTextView.isHidden = !text.isEmpty
    }

}

与这篇文章中几乎所有的答案相反，UITextView确实有一个占位符属性。由于我无法理解的原因，它只在IB中出现，例如:

<userDefinedRuntimeAttributes>
  <userDefinedRuntimeAttribute type="string" keyPath="placeholder" value="My Placeholder"/>
</userDefinedRuntimeAttributes>

因此，如果你正在使用故事板，一个静态占位符就足够了，只需在检查器上设置属性。

你也可以像这样在代码中设置这个属性:

textView.setValue("My Placeholder", forKeyPath: "placeholder")

它的多云天气，这是通过私有API访问，因为属性是暴露的。

我还没有尝试过用这种方法提交。但我将很快以这种方式提交，并将相应地更新这个答案。

更新:

我已经在多个版本中发布了这个代码，苹果没有任何问题。

更新: 这将只适用于Xcode pre 11.2