我用socat尝试过以下方法:

socat TCP-L:8080,fork,reuseaddr -

而且，即使我没有建立到套接字的连接，我也不能在同一个端口上侦听两次，尽管有reuseaddr选项。

我得到了这条消息(这是我之前预期的):

2016/02/23 09:56:49 socat[2667] E bind(5, {AF=2 0.0.0.0:8080}, 16): Address already in use

Yes.

Multiple listening TCP sockets, all bound to the same port, can co-exist, provided they are all bound to different local IP addresses. Clients can connect to whichever one they need to. This excludes 0.0.0.0 (INADDR_ANY). Multiple accepted sockets can co-exist, all accepted from the same listening socket, all showing the same local port number as the listening socket. Multiple UDP sockets all bound to the same port can all co-exist provided either the same condition as at (1) or they have all had the SO_REUSEADDR option set before binding. TCP ports and UDP ports occupy different namespaces, so the use of a port for TCP does not preclude its use for UDP, and vice versa.

参考资料:Stevens & Wright, TCP/IP画报，卷二。

如果你所说的应用程序是指多个进程，那么是，但通常不是。 例如Apache服务器在同一个端口上运行多个进程(通常是80)。它通过指定一个进程实际绑定到端口，然后使用该进程向接受连接的各个进程进行切换来实现。

Yes (for TCP) you can have two programs listen on the same socket, if the programs are designed to do so. When the socket is created by the first program, make sure the SO_REUSEADDR option is set on the socket before you bind(). However, this may not be what you want. What this does is an incoming TCP connection will be directed to one of the programs, not both, so it does not duplicate the connection, it just allows two programs to service the incoming request. For example, web servers will have multiple processes all listening on port 80, and the O/S sends a new connection to the process that is ready to accept new connections.

SO_REUSEADDR

允许其他套接字bind()绑定到该端口，除非已经有一个活动监听套接字绑定到该端口。这使您能够在崩溃后尝试重新启动服务器时绕过“地址已在使用”错误消息。

Yes.

从这篇文章中: https://lwn.net/Articles/542629/

新的套接字选项允许同一主机上的多个套接字绑定到同一个端口

如果至少有一个远程ip是已知的，静态的，专用于只与你的一个应用程序对话，你可以使用iptables规则(表nat，链PREROUTING)来重定向从这个地址到“共享”本地端口的传入流量到任何其他端口，其中适当的应用程序实际监听。