我用socat尝试过以下方法:

socat TCP-L:8080,fork,reuseaddr -

而且，即使我没有建立到套接字的连接，我也不能在同一个端口上侦听两次，尽管有reuseaddr选项。

我得到了这条消息(这是我之前预期的):

2016/02/23 09:56:49 socat[2667] E bind(5, {AF=2 0.0.0.0:8080}, 16): Address already in use

您可以让一个应用程序侦听一个网络接口的一个端口。因此你可以有:

HTTPD监听远程可访问的接口，例如192.168.1.1:80 另一个守护进程监听127.0.0.1:80

示例用例可以是使用httpd作为负载均衡器或代理。

Yes.

从这篇文章中: https://lwn.net/Articles/542629/

新的套接字选项允许同一主机上的多个套接字绑定到同一个端口

肯定是的。据我所知，从内核版本3.9(不确定版本)开始，就引入了对SO_REUSEPORT的支持。SO_RESUEPORT允许绑定到完全相同的端口和地址，只要第一个服务器在绑定套接字之前设置了这个选项。

它适用于TCP和UDP。有关更多详细信息，请参阅链接:SO_REUSEPORT

Yes (for TCP) you can have two programs listen on the same socket, if the programs are designed to do so. When the socket is created by the first program, make sure the SO_REUSEADDR option is set on the socket before you bind(). However, this may not be what you want. What this does is an incoming TCP connection will be directed to one of the programs, not both, so it does not duplicate the connection, it just allows two programs to service the incoming request. For example, web servers will have multiple processes all listening on port 80, and the O/S sends a new connection to the process that is ready to accept new connections.

SO_REUSEADDR

允许其他套接字bind()绑定到该端口，除非已经有一个活动监听套接字绑定到该端口。这使您能够在崩溃后尝试重新启动服务器时绕过“地址已在使用”错误消息。

分享一下@jnewton提到的内容。 我在我的mac上启动了一个nginx和一个嵌入式tomcat进程。我可以看到两个进程都运行在8080。

LT<XXXX>-MAC:~ b0<XXX>$ sudo netstat -anp tcp | grep LISTEN
tcp46      0      0  *.8080                 *.*                    LISTEN     
tcp4       0      0  *.8080                 *.*                    LISTEN