我用socat尝试过以下方法:

socat TCP-L:8080,fork,reuseaddr -

而且，即使我没有建立到套接字的连接，我也不能在同一个端口上侦听两次，尽管有reuseaddr选项。

我得到了这条消息(这是我之前预期的):

2016/02/23 09:56:49 socat[2667] E bind(5, {AF=2 0.0.0.0:8080}, 16): Address already in use

如果你所说的应用程序是指多个进程，那么是，但通常不是。 例如Apache服务器在同一个端口上运行多个进程(通常是80)。它通过指定一个进程实际绑定到端口，然后使用该进程向接受连接的各个进程进行切换来实现。

肯定是的。据我所知，从内核版本3.9(不确定版本)开始，就引入了对SO_REUSEPORT的支持。SO_RESUEPORT允许绑定到完全相同的端口和地址，只要第一个服务器在绑定套接字之前设置了这个选项。

它适用于TCP和UDP。有关更多详细信息，请参阅链接:SO_REUSEPORT

是也不是。只有一个应用程序可以在一个端口上进行主动侦听。但是该应用程序可以将其连接遗留给另一个进程。因此，您可以让多个进程在同一个端口上工作。

Yes (for TCP) you can have two programs listen on the same socket, if the programs are designed to do so. When the socket is created by the first program, make sure the SO_REUSEADDR option is set on the socket before you bind(). However, this may not be what you want. What this does is an incoming TCP connection will be directed to one of the programs, not both, so it does not duplicate the connection, it just allows two programs to service the incoming request. For example, web servers will have multiple processes all listening on port 80, and the O/S sends a new connection to the process that is ready to accept new connections.

SO_REUSEADDR

允许其他套接字bind()绑定到该端口，除非已经有一个活动监听套接字绑定到该端口。这使您能够在崩溃后尝试重新启动服务器时绕过“地址已在使用”错误消息。

Yes.

Multiple listening TCP sockets, all bound to the same port, can co-exist, provided they are all bound to different local IP addresses. Clients can connect to whichever one they need to. This excludes 0.0.0.0 (INADDR_ANY). Multiple accepted sockets can co-exist, all accepted from the same listening socket, all showing the same local port number as the listening socket. Multiple UDP sockets all bound to the same port can all co-exist provided either the same condition as at (1) or they have all had the SO_REUSEADDR option set before binding. TCP ports and UDP ports occupy different namespaces, so the use of a port for TCP does not preclude its use for UDP, and vice versa.

参考资料:Stevens & Wright, TCP/IP画报，卷二。