如果至少有一个远程ip是已知的，静态的，专用于只与你的一个应用程序对话，你可以使用iptables规则(表nat，链PREROUTING)来重定向从这个地址到“共享”本地端口的传入流量到任何其他端口，其中适当的应用程序实际监听。

Yes.

Multiple listening TCP sockets, all bound to the same port, can co-exist, provided they are all bound to different local IP addresses. Clients can connect to whichever one they need to. This excludes 0.0.0.0 (INADDR_ANY). Multiple accepted sockets can co-exist, all accepted from the same listening socket, all showing the same local port number as the listening socket. Multiple UDP sockets all bound to the same port can all co-exist provided either the same condition as at (1) or they have all had the SO_REUSEADDR option set before binding. TCP ports and UDP ports occupy different namespaces, so the use of a port for TCP does not preclude its use for UDP, and vice versa.

参考资料:Stevens & Wright, TCP/IP画报，卷二。

Yes (for TCP) you can have two programs listen on the same socket, if the programs are designed to do so. When the socket is created by the first program, make sure the SO_REUSEADDR option is set on the socket before you bind(). However, this may not be what you want. What this does is an incoming TCP connection will be directed to one of the programs, not both, so it does not duplicate the connection, it just allows two programs to service the incoming request. For example, web servers will have multiple processes all listening on port 80, and the O/S sends a new connection to the process that is ready to accept new connections.

SO_REUSEADDR

允许其他套接字bind()绑定到该端口，除非已经有一个活动监听套接字绑定到该端口。这使您能够在崩溃后尝试重新启动服务器时绕过“地址已在使用”错误消息。

您可以让一个应用程序侦听一个网络接口的一个端口。因此你可以有:

HTTPD监听远程可访问的接口，例如192.168.1.1:80 另一个守护进程监听127.0.0.1:80

示例用例可以是使用httpd作为负载均衡器或代理。

是也不是。只有一个应用程序可以在一个端口上进行主动侦听。但是该应用程序可以将其连接遗留给另一个进程。因此，您可以让多个进程在同一个端口上工作。

如果至少有一个远程ip是已知的，静态的，专用于只与你的一个应用程序对话，你可以使用iptables规则(表nat，链PREROUTING)来重定向从这个地址到“共享”本地端口的传入流量到任何其他端口，其中适当的应用程序实际监听。