还有:

var myModule = require.main.require('./path/to/module');

它需要的文件，就像它被要求从主js文件，所以它工作得很好，只要你的主js文件是在你的项目的根…这一点我很感激。

虽然这些答案工作，但他们没有解决npm测试的问题

例如，如果我在server.js中创建一个全局变量，它将不会为我的测试套件执行设置。

设置全局apot变量，避免../../..在npm start和npm test中都可以使用，参见:

Mocha使用额外的选项或参数进行测试

请注意，这是新的官方摩卡解决方案。

我认为你不需要用你描述的方式来解决这个问题。如果您想在大量文件中更改相同的字符串，请使用sed。在你的例子中，

find . -name "*.js" -exec sed -i 's/\.\.\/\.\.\//\.\.\//g' {} +

/../变成了../

或者，您可以要求配置文件存储包含库路径的变量。如果您将以下文件存储为config.js在示例目录中

var config = {};
config.path = '../../';

在你的例子文件中

myConfiguration = require('./config');
express = require(config.path);

您将能够从一个文件控制每个示例的配置。

这只是个人喜好。

还有:

var myModule = require.main.require('./path/to/module');

它需要的文件，就像它被要求从主js文件，所以它工作得很好，只要你的主js文件是在你的项目的根…这一点我很感激。

在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

我尝试过很多这样的解决方案。我最终把这个添加到我的主文件的顶部(例如index.js):

process.env.NODE_PATH = __dirname;
require('module').Module._initPaths();

这将在加载脚本时将项目根添加到NODE_PATH。允许我通过引用项目根的相对路径，如var User = require('models/ User ')，来要求项目中的任何文件。只要在项目中运行其他任何东西之前在项目根目录中运行一个主脚本，这个解决方案就应该有效。