我喜欢为共享代码创建一个新的node_modules文件夹，然后让node和require做它最擅长的事情。

例如:

- node_modules // => these are loaded from your package.json
- app
  - node_modules // => add node-style modules
    - helper.js
  - models
    - user
    - car
- package.json
- .gitignore

例如，如果你在car/index.js中，你可以require('helper')， node会找到它!

node_modules如何工作

Node有一个在竞争对手中独一无二的解决模块的聪明算法 平台。

如果你从/beep/boop/bar.js中require('./foo.js')， node会在/beep/boop/foo.js中寻找。/foo.js。以./或..开头的路径/对于调用require()的文件总是本地的。

然而，如果你需要一个非相对名称，例如require('xyz')来自/beep/boop/foo.js, node会按顺序搜索这些路径，在第一次匹配时停止，如果没有找到就会引发错误:

/beep/boop/node_modules/xyz
/beep/node_modules/xyz
/node_modules/xyz

对于每个存在的xyz目录，node将首先查找一个xyz/包。查看是否存在一个“main”字段。“main”字段定义了如果你需要()目录路径，哪个文件应该负责。

例如，如果/beep/node_modules/xyz是第一个匹配，那么/beep/node_modules/xyz/package。json有:

{
  "name": "xyz",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "main": "lib/abc.js"
}

然后从/beep/node_modules/xyz/lib/abc.js中导出的文件将被返回 要求(“xyz”)。

如果没有包裹。Json或没有“main”字段，index.js是假设的:

/beep/node_modules/xyz/index.js

在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

尝试使用asapp:

NPM安装——保存为app

https://www.npmjs.com/package/asapp

var { controller, helper, middleware, route, schema, model, APP, ROOT } = require('asapp')

Controller ('home')改为require('../../controllers/home)

恕我直言，最简单的方法是将自己的函数定义为GLOBAL对象的一部分。 在项目的根目录下创建projRequire.js，包含以下内容:

var projectDir = __dirname;

module.exports = GLOBAL.projRequire = function(module) {
  return require(projectDir + module);
}

在你的主文件中，在需要任何特定于项目的模块之前:

// init projRequire
require('./projRequire');

之后，以下工作对我来说:

// main file
projRequire('/lib/lol');

// index.js at projectDir/lib/lol/index.js
console.log('Ok');

@Totty，我想出了另一个解决方案，可以解决你在评论中描述的情况。描述将是tl;dr，所以我最好展示我的测试项目的结构的图片。

同样的问题我遇到过很多次。这可以通过使用basetag npm包来解决。它本身不一定是必需的，只是在node_modules中创建到基本路径的符号链接时安装。

const localFile = require('$/local/file')
// instead of
const localFile = require('../../local/file')

使用$/…Prefix将始终引用相对于应用程序根目录的文件。

来源:我如何创建basetag来解决这个问题

我编写了这个小包，它允许您通过项目根的相对路径来要求包，而不引入任何全局变量或覆盖节点默认值

https://github.com/Gaafar/pkg-require

它是这样工作的

// create an instance that will find the nearest parent dir containing package.json from your __dirname
const pkgRequire = require('pkg-require')(__dirname);

// require a file relative to the your package.json directory 
const foo = pkgRequire('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path for a file
const absolutePathToFoo = pkgRequire.resolve('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path to your root directory
const packageRootPath = pkgRequire.root()