在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

如果有人正在寻找另一种方法来解决这个问题，这里是我自己的贡献:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/use-import

基本思路:在项目的根目录中创建一个JSON文件，将文件路径映射为简写名称(或者让use-automapper为您完成)。然后您可以使用这些名称请求您的文件/模块。像这样:

var use = require('use-import');
var MyClass = use('MyClass');

就是这样。

前段时间我创建了一个模块，用于加载相对于预定义路径的模块。

https://github.com/raaymax/irequire

你可以用它来代替require。

irequire.prefix('controllers',join.path(__dirname,'app/master'));
var adminUsersCtrl = irequire("controllers:admin/users");
var net = irequire('net');

也许它会对某人有用。

刚刚看到这篇文章提到了app-module-path。它允许你这样配置一个基础:

require('app-module-path').addPath(baseDir);

我实现这一点的方法是创建“本地链接模块”。

的文件夹结构为例

db ¬ 
    models ¬
        index.js
    migrations
    seed
    config.json

routes ¬
    index.js
    user ¬
        index.js

如果从。/routes/user/index.js我想访问/db/models/index.js我会写

require('../../db/models/index.js')

为了使/db/models/index.js可以从任何地方访问，我在db文件夹中创建了一个名为_module_的文件夹，其中包含一个包。Json和一个main.js文件。

# package.json
{
    "name": "db", <-- change this to what you want your require name to be
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "description": "",
    "author": "",
    "repository": {},
    "main": "main.js"
}

// main.js
module.exports = require('../../db/models/index');

main.js中的路径必须是相对的，就像文件在node_modules中一样

node_modules ¬
    db ¬
        main.js

然后你可以运行npm install ./db/_module_，这将把。/db/_module_中的文件复制到。/node_modules/db中，在应用程序包的依赖项下创建一个条目。json之类的

"db": "file:db/_module_"

您现在可以在任何地方使用此包

const db = require('db');

当你运行npm install时，它会自动安装你的其他模块，工作跨平台(没有符号链接)，并且不需要第三方包。

在我看来，实现这一点最简单的方法是在应用程序启动时在node_modules/app(或任何你称之为它的地方)创建一个指向../app的符号链接。然后你可以调用require("app/my/module")。符号链接在所有主要平台上都可用。

然而，你仍然应该把你的东西分成更小的、可维护的模块，这些模块通过npm安装。你也可以通过git-url安装你的私有模块，所以没有理由有一个单一的应用程序目录。