在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

只是想继续Paolo Moretti和Browserify的精彩回答。如果你正在使用一个编译器(例如babel, typescript)，并且你有单独的文件夹存放源代码和编译过的代码，比如src/和dist/，你可以使用不同的解决方案

node_modules

目录结构如下:

app
  node_modules
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    node_modules
      app
        ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app
        ... // transpiled code

然后你可以让Babel等编译SRC目录到dist目录。

符号链接

使用符号链接，我们可以摆脱一些嵌套级别:

app
  node_modules
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // transpiled code

关于babel——copy-files的警告:babel的——copy-files标志不能很好地处理符号链接。它可能会一直导航到…符号链接和隐性看到无尽的文件。一种变通方法是使用以下目录结构:

app
  node_modules
    app // symlink to '../src'
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // transpiled code

通过这种方式，src下的代码仍然会有app解析到src，而babel将不再看到符号链接。

如果有人正在寻找另一种方法来解决这个问题，这里是我自己的贡献:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/use-import

基本思路:在项目的根目录中创建一个JSON文件，将文件路径映射为简写名称(或者让use-automapper为您完成)。然后您可以使用这些名称请求您的文件/模块。像这样:

var use = require('use-import');
var MyClass = use('MyClass');

就是这样。

这里已经有很多好答案了。这只是说明这是一个普遍的问题，没有明确的最佳解决方案。当然最好是在Node.js中提供本地支持。以下是我目前使用的:

const r  = p => require (process.cwd() + p);
let see  = r ('/Subs/SubA/someFile.js' );
let see2 = r ('/Subs/SubB/someFile2.js');
...

我喜欢这个解决方案，因为require部分变得更短，不需要键入'require'很多次。绝对路径的主要好处是，您可以将它们从一个文件复制到另一个文件，而不必像使用相对路径那样对它们进行调整。因此，复制额外的一行箭头函数'r()'也不会有太多额外的工作。为了完成这个非常简单的任务，不需要导入额外的npm依赖项。

我尝试过很多这样的解决方案。我最终把这个添加到我的主文件的顶部(例如index.js):

process.env.NODE_PATH = __dirname;
require('module').Module._initPaths();

这将在加载脚本时将项目根添加到NODE_PATH。允许我通过引用项目根的相对路径，如var User = require('models/ User ')，来要求项目中的任何文件。只要在项目中运行其他任何东西之前在项目根目录中运行一个主脚本，这个解决方案就应该有效。

前段时间我创建了一个模块，用于加载相对于预定义路径的模块。

https://github.com/raaymax/irequire

你可以用它来代替require。

irequire.prefix('controllers',join.path(__dirname,'app/master'));
var adminUsersCtrl = irequire("controllers:admin/users");
var net = irequire('net');

也许它会对某人有用。