一种替代方法是设置一个存根HTTP服务器，它根据与请求url匹配的模式返回罐装响应，这意味着您要测试真正的HTTP请求，而不是模拟。从历史上看，这将花费大量的开发工作，并将远远慢到考虑进行单元测试，然而，OSS库WireMock.net易于使用，足够快，可以运行大量的测试，所以可能值得考虑。Setup是几行代码:

var server = FluentMockServer.Start();
server.Given(
      Request.Create()
      .WithPath("/some/thing").UsingGet()
   )
   .RespondWith(
       Response.Create()
       .WithStatusCode(200)
       .WithHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
       .WithBody("{'attr':'value'}")
   );

您可以在这里找到在测试中使用wiremock的更多细节和指导。

这是一个老问题，但我有一种冲动，想用一个我在这里没有看到的解决方案来扩展答案。 您可以伪造Microsoft程序集(System.Net.Http)，然后在测试期间使用ShinsContext。

In VS 2017, right click on the System.Net.Http assembly and choose "Add Fakes Assembly" Put your code in the unit test method under a ShimsContext.Create() using. This way, you can isolate the code where you are planning to fake the HttpClient. Depends on your implementation and test, I would suggest to implement all the desired acting where you call a method on the HttpClient and want to fake the returned value. Using ShimHttpClient.AllInstances will fake your implementation in all the instances created during your test. For example, if you want to fake the GetAsync() method, do the following: [TestMethod] public void FakeHttpClient() { using (ShimsContext.Create()) { System.Net.Http.Fakes.ShimHttpClient.AllInstances.GetAsyncString = (c, requestUri) => { //Return a service unavailable response var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable); var task = Task.FromResult(httpResponseMessage); return task; }; //your implementation will use the fake method(s) automatically var client = new Connection(_httpClient); client.doSomething(); } }

基于其他答案，我建议这样的代码，它没有任何外部依赖:

[TestClass]
public class MyTestClass
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task MyTestMethod()
    {
        var httpClient = new HttpClient(new MockHttpMessageHandler());

        var content = await httpClient.GetStringAsync("http://some.fake.url");

        Assert.AreEqual("Content as string", content);
    }
}

public class MockHttpMessageHandler : HttpMessageHandler
{
    protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(
        HttpRequestMessage request,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        var responseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
            Content = new StringContent("Content as string")
        };

        return await Task.FromResult(responseMessage);
    }
}

我的一个同事注意到，大多数HttpClient方法都在底层调用SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken CancellationToken)，这是HttpMessageInvoker的一个虚拟方法:

所以到目前为止，模拟HttpClient最简单的方法就是简单地模拟这个特定的方法:

var mockClient = new Mock<HttpClient>();
mockClient.Setup(client => client.SendAsync(It.IsAny<HttpRequestMessage>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>())).ReturnsAsync(_mockResponse.Object);

并且您的代码可以调用大多数(但不是全部)HttpClient类方法，包括常规方法

httpClient.SendAsync(req)

点击这里确认 https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/blob/master/src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/HttpClient.cs

您的接口公开了具体的HttpClient类，因此任何使用该接口的类都被绑定到它，这意味着它不能被模拟。

HttpClient不继承任何接口，所以你必须自己编写。我建议使用类似装饰器的图案:

public interface IHttpHandler
{
    HttpResponseMessage Get(string url);
    HttpResponseMessage Post(string url, HttpContent content);
    Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url);
    Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostAsync(string url, HttpContent content);
}

你的类看起来是这样的:

public class HttpClientHandler : IHttpHandler
{
    private HttpClient _client = new HttpClient();

    public HttpResponseMessage Get(string url)
    {
        return GetAsync(url).Result;
    }

    public HttpResponseMessage Post(string url, HttpContent content)
    {
        return PostAsync(url, content).Result;
    }

    public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)
    {
        return await _client.GetAsync(url);
    }

    public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostAsync(string url, HttpContent content)
    {
        return await _client.PostAsync(url, content);
    }
}

所有这些的重点是HttpClientHandler创建了它自己的HttpClient，然后你当然可以创建多个以不同方式实现IHttpHandler的类。

这种方法的主要问题是，你实际上是在编写一个只调用另一个类中的方法的类，然而你可以创建一个从HttpClient继承的类(参见Nkosi的例子，这是一个比我的方法更好的方法)。如果HttpClient有一个可以模拟的接口，事情会简单得多，不幸的是它没有。

This example is not the golden ticket however. IHttpHandler still relies on HttpResponseMessage, which belongs to System.Net.Http namespace, therefore if you do need other implementations other than HttpClient, you will have to perform some kind of mapping to convert their responses into HttpResponseMessage objects. This of course is only a problem if you need to use multiple implementations of IHttpHandler but it doesn't look like you do so it's not the end of the world, but it's something to think about.

无论如何，您可以简单地模拟IHttpHandler，而不必担心具体的HttpClient类，因为它已经被抽象掉了。

我建议测试非异步方法，因为这些方法仍然调用异步方法，但不必担心单元测试异步方法的麻烦，参见这里

我认为问题是你把它弄颠倒了。

public class AuroraClient : IAuroraClient
{
    private readonly HttpClient _client;

    public AuroraClient() : this(new HttpClientHandler())
    {
    }

    public AuroraClient(HttpMessageHandler messageHandler)
    {
        _client = new HttpClient(messageHandler);
    }
}

如果你看了上面的类，我想这就是你想要的。微软建议保持客户端活跃以获得最佳性能，因此这种类型的结构允许您这样做。而且HttpMessageHandler是一个抽象类，因此是可嘲笑的。你的测试方法看起来像这样:

[TestMethod]
public void TestMethod1()
{
    // Arrange
    var mockMessageHandler = new Mock<HttpMessageHandler>();
    // Set up your mock behavior here
    var auroraClient = new AuroraClient(mockMessageHandler.Object);
    // Act
    // Assert
}

这允许您在模拟HttpClient的行为时测试您的逻辑。

对不起，伙计们，在写完这篇文章并亲自尝试之后，我意识到您不能在HttpMessageHandler上模拟受保护的方法。我随后添加了以下代码，以允许注入适当的mock。

public interface IMockHttpMessageHandler
{
    Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
}

public class MockHttpMessageHandler : HttpMessageHandler
{
    private readonly IMockHttpMessageHandler _realMockHandler;

    public MockHttpMessageHandler(IMockHttpMessageHandler realMockHandler)
    {
        _realMockHandler = realMockHandler;
    }

    protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return await _realMockHandler.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    }
}

用它编写的测试看起来像下面这样:

[TestMethod]
public async Task GetProductsReturnsDeserializedXmlXopData()
{
    // Arrange
    var mockMessageHandler = new Mock<IMockHttpMessageHandler>();
    // Set up Mock behavior here.
    var client = new AuroraClient(new MockHttpMessageHandler(mockMessageHandler.Object));
    // Act
    // Assert
}