HQL和criteriaQuery在性能上是有区别的，每次你使用criteriaQuery发起查询时，它会为表名创建一个新的别名，这个别名不会反映在任何DB的最后一个查询缓存中。这会导致编译生成的SQL的开销，需要更多的时间来执行。

关于抓取策略[http://www.hibernate.org/315.html]

Criteria respects the laziness settings in your mappings and guarantees that what you want loaded is loaded. This means one Criteria query might result in several SQL immediate SELECT statements to fetch the subgraph with all non-lazy mapped associations and collections. If you want to change the "how" and even the "what", use setFetchMode() to enable or disable outer join fetching for a particular collection or association. Criteria queries also completely respect the fetching strategy (join vs select vs subselect). HQL respects the laziness settings in your mappings and guarantees that what you want loaded is loaded. This means one HQL query might result in several SQL immediate SELECT statements to fetch the subgraph with all non-lazy mapped associations and collections. If you want to change the "how" and even the "what", use LEFT JOIN FETCH to enable outer-join fetching for a particular collection or nullable many-to-one or one-to-one association, or JOIN FETCH to enable inner join fetching for a non-nullable many-to-one or one-to-one association. HQL queries do not respect any fetch="join" defined in the mapping document.

标准API

Criteria API更适合动态生成查询。因此，如果您想添加WHERE子句过滤器、JOIN子句，或者改变ORDER BY子句或投影列，Criteria API可以帮助您以一种防止SQL注入攻击的方式动态生成查询。

另一方面，Criteria查询表达能力较差，甚至可能导致非常复杂和低效的SQL查询。

JPQL和HQL

JPQL是JPA标准实体查询语言，而HQL扩展了JPQL并添加了一些特定于hibernate的特性。

JPQL和HQL非常具有表现力，并且类似于SQL。与Criteria API不同，JPQL和HQL可以很容易地预测JPA提供者生成的底层SQL查询。复查HQL查询也比Criteria查询容易得多。

值得注意的是，如果需要修改实体，选择使用JPQL或Criteria API的实体是有意义的。否则，DTO投影是更好的选择。

结论

如果不需要改变实体查询结构，则使用JPQL或HQL。如果需要更改过滤或排序标准或更改投影，则使用criteria API。

然而，仅仅因为您正在使用JPA或Hibernate，这并不意味着您不应该使用本机SQL。SQL查询非常有用，JPQL和Criteria API不是SQL的替代品。

Criteria Api是Hibernate的一个很好的概念。根据我的观点，这些是我们可以区分HQL和Criteria Api的少数点

HQL is to perform both select and non-select operations on the data, but Criteria is only for selecting the data, we cannot perform non-select operations using criteria. HQL is suitable for executing Static Queries, where as Criteria is suitable for executing Dynamic Queries HQL doesn’t support pagination concept, but we can achieve pagination with Criteria. Criteria used to take more time to execute than HQL. With Criteria we are safe with SQL Injection because of its dynamic query generation but in HQL as your queries are either fixed or parametrized, there is no safe from SQL Injection

对于动态查询，我更喜欢使用条件查询。例如，根据某些参数，动态地添加一些排序或保留一些部分(例如限制)要容易得多。

另一方面，我使用HQL进行静态和复杂的查询，因为它更容易理解/阅读HQL。此外，我认为HQL更强大一些，例如对于不同的连接类型。

为了两全其美，HQL的表达性和简洁性以及Criteria的动态特性可以考虑使用Querydsl。

Querydsl支持JPA/Hibernate, JDO, SQL和Collections。

我是Querydsl的维护者，所以这个答案是有偏见的。

我不想在这里白费口舌，但有一点很重要，那就是Criteria查询现在已被弃用。使用HQL。