在片段的onCreate方法中添加以下内容:

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    OnBackPressedCallback callback = new OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
        @Override
        public void handleOnBackPressed() {
            //Handle the back pressed
        }
    };
    requireActivity().getOnBackPressedDispatcher().addCallback(this, callback);
}

使用导航组件，你可以这样做:

Java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {

@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
    OnBackPressedCallback callback = new OnBackPressedCallback(true /* enabled by default */) {
        @Override
        public void handleOnBackPressed() {
            // Handle the back button event
        }
    });
    requireActivity().getOnBackPressedDispatcher().addCallback(this, callback);

    // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in handleOnBackPressed()
}
...
}

科特林

class MyFragment : Fragment() {

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
    val callback = requireActivity().onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(this) {
        // Handle the back button event
    }

    // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in the lambda
}
...
}

在mainActivity实现回调接口中

protected mainActivity.OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener;

public interface OnBackPressedListener {
    void doBack();
}

public void setOnBackPressedListener(mainActivity.OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener) {
    this.onBackPressedListener = onBackPressedListener;
}

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    if (onBackPressedListener != null) {
        onBackPressedListener.doBack();
    } else { 
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}

在片段实现接口OnBackPressedListener，我们写在mainActivity

implements mainActivity.OnBackPressedListener

mainActivity是我的基本活动，在你的片段onCreateView方法中编写以下代码

((mainActivity) getActivity()).setOnBackPressedListener(this);

并实现OnBackPressedListener接口方法doBack

@Override
public void doBack() {
    //call base fragment 
}

现在使用doBack()方法调用你想要调用的fragment

这些都不容易实现，也不会以最佳方式发挥作用。

片段有一个方法调用onDetach来完成这项工作。

@Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        PUT YOUR CODE HERE
    }

这个就行了。

根据AndroidX发布说明，AndroidX。活动1.0.0-alpha01发布并引入了ComponentActivity，一个现有FragmentActivity和AppCompatActivity的新基类。这个版本给我们带来了一个新功能:

你现在可以通过addOnBackPressedCallback注册一个OnBackPressedCallback来接收onBackPressed()回调，而不需要在你的活动中覆盖这个方法。

我是这样做的，对我很管用

简单的界面

FragmentOnBackClickInterface.java

public interface FragmentOnBackClickInterface {
    void onClick();
}

示例实现

MyFragment.java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements FragmentOnBackClickInterface {

// other stuff

public void onClick() {
       // what you want to call onBackPressed?
}

然后在activity中重写onBackPressed

    @Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
    List<Fragment> frags = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
    Fragment lastFrag = getLastNotNull(frags);
    //nothing else in back stack || nothing in back stack is instance of our interface
    if (count == 0 || !(lastFrag instanceof FragmentOnBackClickInterface)) {
        super.onBackPressed();
    } else {
        ((FragmentOnBackClickInterface) lastFrag).onClick();
    }
}

private Fragment getLastNotNull(List<Fragment> list){
    for (int i= list.size()-1;i>=0;i--){
        Fragment frag = list.get(i);
        if (frag != null){
            return frag;
        }
    }
    return null;
}