我用这种方式解决了在活动中覆盖onBackPressed。所有的FragmentTransaction在提交前都是addToBackStack:

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {

    int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();

    if (count == 0) {
        super.onBackPressed();
        //additional code
    } else {
        getSupportFragmentManager().popBackStack();
    }

}

更新:OnBackPressedDispatcher应该被使用。

指南如何使用可在developer.android.com/guide/navigation/navigation-custom-back

你可以在activity中注册fragment来处理背按:

interface BackPressRegistrar {
    fun registerHandler(handler: BackPressHandler)
    fun unregisterHandler(handler: BackPressHandler)
}

interface BackPressHandler {
    fun onBackPressed(): Boolean
}

用法:

在片段:

private val backPressHandler = object : BackPressHandler {
    override fun onBackPressed(): Boolean {
        showClosingWarning()
        return false
    }
}

override fun onResume() {
    super.onResume()
    (activity as? BackPressRegistrar)?.registerHandler(backPressHandler)
}

override fun onStop() {
    (activity as? BackPressRegistrar)?.unregisterHandler(backPressHandler)
    super.onStop()
}

在活动:

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(), BackPressRegistrar {


    private var registeredHandler: BackPressHandler? = null
    override fun registerHandler(handler: BackPressHandler) { registeredHandler = handler }
    override fun unregisterHandler(handler: BackPressHandler) { registeredHandler = null }

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        if (registeredHandler?.onBackPressed() != false) super.onBackPressed()
    }
}

片段: 创建一个BaseFragment，放置一个方法:

 public boolean onBackPressed();

活动:

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    List<Fragment> fragments = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
    if (fragments != null) {
        for (Fragment fragment : fragments) {
            if (!fragment.isVisible()) continue;

            if (fragment instanceof BaseFragment && ((BaseFragment) fragment).onBackPressed()) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    super.onBackPressed();
}

你的活动将在附加的和可见的片段上运行，并对它们中的每一个调用onBackPressed()，如果其中一个返回'true'(意味着它已经被处理，所以没有进一步的操作)，则中止。

谷歌发布了一个新的API来处理碎片中的onBackPressed:

activity?.onBackPressedDispatcher?.addCallback(viewLifecycleOwner, object : OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
            override fun handleOnBackPressed() {

            }
        })

在我的解决方案(Kotlin);

我使用onBackAlternative函数作为BaseActivity的参数。

BaseActivity

abstract class BaseActivity {

    var onBackPressAlternative: (() -> Unit)? = null

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        if (onBackPressAlternative != null) {
            onBackPressAlternative!!()
        } else {
            super.onBackPressed()
        }
    }
}

我有一个函数在BaseFragment上设置onBackPressAlternative。

碱基片段

abstract class BaseFragment {

     override fun onStart() {
        super.onStart()
        ...
        setOnBackPressed(null) // Add this
     }

      //Method must be declared as open, for overriding in child class
     open fun setOnBackPressed(onBackAlternative: (() -> Unit)?) {
         (activity as BaseActivity<*, *>).onBackPressAlternative = onBackAlternative
     }
}

然后我的onBackPressAlternative就可以用于片段了。

子片段

override fun setOnBackPressed(onBackAlternative: (() -> Unit)?) {
    (activity as BaseActivity<*, *>).onBackPressAlternative = {
        // TODO Your own custom onback function 
    }
}

像这样执行 Fragment_1 -> Fragment_2 -> Fragment_3

    Button btn = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.your_button_id);
    btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {

            Fragment_2 nextFrag= new Fragment_2();
            getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .replace(R.id.content_frame, nextFrag,getTag())
                    .addToBackStack(null)
                    .commit();

        }
    });

Fragment_3 -> Fragment_2 -> Fragment_1

Step_1:在Base Activity中创建一个可公开访问的字符串

step2:每当一个新的Fragment被激活时，在Base Activity中改变String的值

Step_3:然后添加onBackPressed()方法，并将字符串值传递给另一个方法，其中fagments可以被替换

在基础活动中

public static String currentFragment=null;

@Override
public void onBackPressed() 
{
        displayPreviousFragment(currentFragment);
}

public void displayPreviousFragment(String currentFragment)
{
    //creating fragment object
    Fragment fragment = null;

    //initializing the fragment object which is selected
    switch (currentFragment)
    {
        case "Fragment_2"    :   fragment = new Fargment_1();     break;
        case "Fragment_3"    :   fragment = new Fragment_2();     break;
    }

    //replacing the fragment
    if (fragment != null) {
        FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        ft.replace(R.id.frame_to_replace_fragment, fragment);
        ft.commit();
    }
}

在Fragment_2 在OnCreateView方法内

BaseActivity.currentFragment="Fragment_2";

在Fragment_3 在OnCreateView方法内

BaseActivity.currentFragment="Fragment_3";