下面是我在OS X上的ruby脚本中使用的一个很酷的脚本(这样我就可以在切换离开窗口后启动脚本并获得更新):

cmd = %Q|osascript -e 'display notification "Server was reset" with title "Posted Update"'|
system ( cmd )

使用这里的答案和Mihai的答案链接，我组合了一个满足这些要求的函数:

整洁地捕获STDOUT和STDERR，因此当我的脚本从控制台运行时，它们不会“泄漏”。 允许参数作为数组传递给shell，因此不需要担心转义。 捕获命令的退出状态，以便在发生错误时显示出来。

作为奖励，当shell命令成功退出(0)并将任何内容放在STDOUT上时，该命令还将返回STDOUT。在这种情况下，它与system不同，后者在这种情况下只返回true。

代码如下。具体的函数是system_quiet:

require 'open3'

class ShellError < StandardError; end

#actual function:
def system_quietly(*cmd)
  exit_status=nil
  err=nil
  out=nil
  Open3.popen3(*cmd) do |stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thread|
    err = stderr.gets(nil)
    out = stdout.gets(nil)
    [stdin, stdout, stderr].each{|stream| stream.send('close')}
    exit_status = wait_thread.value
  end
  if exit_status.to_i > 0
    err = err.chomp if err
    raise ShellError, err
  elsif out
    return out.chomp
  else
    return true
  end
end

#calling it:
begin
  puts system_quietly('which', 'ruby')
rescue ShellError
  abort "Looks like you don't have the `ruby` command. Odd."
end

#output: => "/Users/me/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/ruby"

这个解释是基于我的一个朋友写的带注释的Ruby脚本。如果您想改进脚本，请在链接中进行更新。

首先，请注意，当Ruby调用shell时，它通常调用/bin/sh，而不是Bash。在所有系统上/bin/sh不支持某些Bash语法。

以下是执行shell脚本的方法:

cmd = "echo 'hi'" # Sample string that can be used

Kernel#` , commonly called backticks – `cmd` This is like many other languages, including Bash, PHP, and Perl. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-60 value = `echo 'hi'` value = `#{cmd}` Built-in syntax, %x( cmd ) Following the x character is a delimiter, which can be any character. If the delimiter is one of the characters (, [, {, or <, the literal consists of the characters up to the matching closing delimiter, taking account of nested delimiter pairs. For all other delimiters, the literal comprises the characters up to the next occurrence of the delimiter character. String interpolation #{ ... } is allowed. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command, just like the backticks. Docs: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/syntax/literals_rdoc.html#label-Percent+Strings value = %x( echo 'hi' ) value = %x[ #{cmd} ] Kernel#system Executes the given command in a subshell. Returns true if the command was found and run successfully, false otherwise. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-system wasGood = system( "echo 'hi'" ) wasGood = system( cmd ) Kernel#exec Replaces the current process by running the given external command. Returns none, the current process is replaced and never continues. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-exec exec( "echo 'hi'" ) exec( cmd ) # Note: this will never be reached because of the line above

这里有一些额外的建议: $ ?，与$CHILD_STATUS相同，如果使用反勾号、system()或%x{}，则访问最后一个系统执行命令的状态。 然后你可以访问exitstatus和pid属性:

$?.exitstatus

更多阅读请参见:

http://www.elctech.com/blog/i-m-in-ur-commandline-executin-ma-commands http://blog.jayfields.com/2006/06/ruby-kernel-system-exec-and-x.html http://tech.natemurray.com/2007/03/ruby-shell-commands.html

下面是我在OS X上的ruby脚本中使用的一个很酷的脚本(这样我就可以在切换离开窗口后启动脚本并获得更新):

cmd = %Q|osascript -e 'display notification "Server was reset" with title "Posted Update"'|
system ( cmd )

最简单的方法是:

reboot = `init 6`
puts reboot

还有一个选择:

当你:

需要stderr和stdout 不能/不会使用Open3/Open4(他们在我的Mac上的NetBeans中抛出异常，不知道为什么)

你可以使用shell重定向:

puts %x[cat bogus.txt].inspect
  => ""

puts %x[cat bogus.txt 2>&1].inspect
  => "cat: bogus.txt: No such file or directory\n"

从MS-DOS的早期开始，2>&1语法就适用于Linux、Mac和Windows。