上面的答案已经非常棒了，但是我真的很想分享下面的总结文章:“在Ruby中运行Shell命令的6种方法”

基本上，它告诉我们:

# exec内核:

exec 'echo "hello $HOSTNAME"'

System和$?：

system 'false' 
puts $?

Backticks ():

today = `date`

IO # execlp:

IO.popen("date") { |f| puts f.gets }

Open3#popen3—stdlib:

require "open3"
stdin, stdout, stderr = Open3.popen3('dc') 

Open4#popen4—一个宝石:

require "open4" 
pid, stdin, stdout, stderr = Open4::popen4 "false" # => [26327, #<IO:0x6dff24>, #<IO:0x6dfee8>, #<IO:0x6dfe84>]

还有一个选择:

当你:

需要stderr和stdout 不能/不会使用Open3/Open4(他们在我的Mac上的NetBeans中抛出异常，不知道为什么)

你可以使用shell重定向:

puts %x[cat bogus.txt].inspect
  => ""

puts %x[cat bogus.txt 2>&1].inspect
  => "cat: bogus.txt: No such file or directory\n"

从MS-DOS的早期开始，2>&1语法就适用于Linux、Mac和Windows。

backticks(')方法是在Ruby中调用shell命令最简单的方法。它返回shell命令的结果:

     url_request = 'http://google.com'
     result_of_shell_command = `curl #{url_request}`

这个解释是基于我的一个朋友写的带注释的Ruby脚本。如果您想改进脚本，请在链接中进行更新。

首先，请注意，当Ruby调用shell时，它通常调用/bin/sh，而不是Bash。在所有系统上/bin/sh不支持某些Bash语法。

以下是执行shell脚本的方法:

cmd = "echo 'hi'" # Sample string that can be used

Kernel#` , commonly called backticks – `cmd` This is like many other languages, including Bash, PHP, and Perl. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-60 value = `echo 'hi'` value = `#{cmd}` Built-in syntax, %x( cmd ) Following the x character is a delimiter, which can be any character. If the delimiter is one of the characters (, [, {, or <, the literal consists of the characters up to the matching closing delimiter, taking account of nested delimiter pairs. For all other delimiters, the literal comprises the characters up to the next occurrence of the delimiter character. String interpolation #{ ... } is allowed. Returns the result (i.e. standard output) of the shell command, just like the backticks. Docs: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/syntax/literals_rdoc.html#label-Percent+Strings value = %x( echo 'hi' ) value = %x[ #{cmd} ] Kernel#system Executes the given command in a subshell. Returns true if the command was found and run successfully, false otherwise. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-system wasGood = system( "echo 'hi'" ) wasGood = system( cmd ) Kernel#exec Replaces the current process by running the given external command. Returns none, the current process is replaced and never continues. Docs: http://ruby-doc.org/core/Kernel.html#method-i-exec exec( "echo 'hi'" ) exec( cmd ) # Note: this will never be reached because of the line above

这里有一些额外的建议: $ ?，与$CHILD_STATUS相同，如果使用反勾号、system()或%x{}，则访问最后一个系统执行命令的状态。 然后你可以访问exitstatus和pid属性:

$?.exitstatus

更多阅读请参见:

http://www.elctech.com/blog/i-m-in-ur-commandline-executin-ma-commands http://blog.jayfields.com/2006/06/ruby-kernel-system-exec-and-x.html http://tech.natemurray.com/2007/03/ruby-shell-commands.html

我喜欢的方法是使用%x文字，这使得在命令中使用引号很容易(而且易读!)，如下所示:

directorylist = %x[find . -name '*test.rb' | sort]

在这种情况下，它将填充当前目录下的所有测试文件的文件列表，您可以按照预期进行处理:

directorylist.each do |filename|
  filename.chomp!
  # work with file
end

不要忘记使用spawn命令创建一个后台进程来执行指定的命令。你甚至可以使用Process类和返回的pid来等待它的完成:

pid = spawn("tar xf ruby-2.0.0-p195.tar.bz2")
Process.wait pid

pid = spawn(RbConfig.ruby, "-eputs'Hello, world!'")
Process.wait pid

文档说:这个方法类似于#system，但它不会等待命令完成。