下面是一个基于@tdeveaux答案的PreferenceFragment内所有EditTextPreferences的工作解决方案:

public class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragment implements SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {
    private static final String TAG = "SettingsFragment";

    @Override
    public void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);
        getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume () {
        super.onResume();

        for (int i = 0; i < getPreferenceScreen().getPreferenceCount(); ++i) {
            Preference preference = getPreferenceScreen().getPreference(i);
            updatePreference(preference);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onSharedPreferenceChanged (SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
        updatePreference(findPreference(key));
    }

    private void updatePreference (Preference preference) {
        if (preference instanceof EditTextPreference) {
            EditTextPreference editTextPreference = (EditTextPreference)preference;
            editTextPreference.setSummary(editTextPreference.getText());
        }
    }
}

我的解决方案是创建一个自定义的EditTextPreference，像这样在XML中使用:EditTextPreference android:title="示例title " />

EditTextPreference.java: -

package com.example;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;

public class EditTextPreference extends android.preference.EditTextPreference
{
    public EditTextPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)
    {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
    }

    public EditTextPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    public EditTextPreference(Context context)
    {
        super(context, null);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDialogClosed(boolean positiveResult)
    {
        super.onDialogClosed(positiveResult);

        setSummary(getSummary());
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getSummary()
    {
        return getText();
    }
}

如果适合您的需求，有一些方法可以使其成为更通用的解决方案。

例如，如果你想让所有的列表首选项显示为摘要，你可以为你的onSharedPreferenceChanged实现:

public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
    Preference pref = findPreference(key);

    if (pref instanceof ListPreference) {
        ListPreference listPref = (ListPreference) pref;
        pref.setSummary(listPref.getEntry());
    }
}

这很容易扩展到其他首选项类。

通过使用PreferenceScreen和PreferenceCategory中的getPreferenceCount和getPreference功能，您可以轻松地编写一个泛型函数来遍历首选项树，设置所需类型的所有首选项的摘要到它们的toString表示

如果有人还在寻找这个问题的答案，你应该看看三十三四十的答案。

<ListPreference
    android:key="pref_list"
    android:title="A list of preferences"
    android:summary="%s"
    android:entries="@array/pref_list_entries"
    android:entryValues="@array/pref_list_entries_values"
    android:defaultValue="0" />

Android会将%s替换为首选项的当前字符串值，就像ListPreference的选择器显示的那样。

FYI:

findPreference(CharSequence key)
This method was deprecated in API level 11. This function is not relevant
for a modern fragment-based PreferenceActivity.

更有理由看看上面@ASD的非常圆滑的答案(来源在这里找到)，它说在android:summary中对preferences.xml中的每个字段使用%s。(首选项的当前值替换为%s。)

<ListPreference
 ...        
 android:summary="Length of longest word to return as match is %s"
 ...
 />

如果您只想显示每个字段的纯文本值作为摘要，那么下面的代码应该是最容易维护的。它只需要两处更改(第13行和第21行，标记为“此处更改”):

package com.my.package;

import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.EditTextPreference;
import android.preference.ListPreference;
import android.preference.Preference;
import android.preference.PreferenceActivity;

public class PreferencesActivity extends PreferenceActivity implements OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {

    private final String[] mAutoSummaryFields = { "pref_key1", "pref_key2", "pref_key3" }; // change here
    private final int mEntryCount = mAutoSummaryFields.length;
    private Preference[] mPreferenceEntries;

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences_file); // change here
        mPreferenceEntries = new Preference[mEntryCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < mEntryCount; i++) {
            mPreferenceEntries[i] = getPreferenceScreen().findPreference(mAutoSummaryFields[i]);
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        for (int i = 0; i < mEntryCount; i++) {
            updateSummary(mAutoSummaryFields[i]); // initialization
        }
        getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this); // register change listener
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this); // unregister change listener
    }

    private void updateSummary(String key) {
        for (int i = 0; i < mEntryCount; i++) {
            if (key.equals(mAutoSummaryFields[i])) {
                if (mPreferenceEntries[i] instanceof EditTextPreference) {
                    final EditTextPreference currentPreference = (EditTextPreference) mPreferenceEntries[i];
                    mPreferenceEntries[i].setSummary(currentPreference.getText());
                }
                else if (mPreferenceEntries[i] instanceof ListPreference) {
                    final ListPreference currentPreference = (ListPreference) mPreferenceEntries[i];
                    mPreferenceEntries[i].setSummary(currentPreference.getEntry());
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
        updateSummary(key);
    }

}