我的选择是扩展ListPreference，它是干净的:

public class ListPreferenceShowSummary extends ListPreference {

    private final static String TAG = ListPreferenceShowSummary.class.getName();

    public ListPreferenceShowSummary(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    public ListPreferenceShowSummary(Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {

        setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new OnPreferenceChangeListener() {

            @Override
            public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference arg0, Object arg1) {
                arg0.setSummary(getEntry());
                return true;
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getSummary() {
        return super.getEntry();
    }
}

然后你添加你的settings.xml:

<yourpackage.ListPreferenceShowSummary
    android:key="key" android:title="title"
    android:entries="@array/entries" android:entryValues="@array/values"
    android:defaultValue="first value"/>

我发现这种方法使EditTextPreference从支持库句柄“%s”在总结(因为ListPreference已经处理):

public class EditTextPreference extends android.support.v7.preference.EditTextPreference {
    public EditTextPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public void setText(String text) {
        super.setText(text);
        notifyChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getSummary() {
        String text = super.getText();
        String summary = super.getSummary().toString();
        return String.format(summary, text == null ? "" : text);
    }
}

在xml中它看起来是这样的:

<com.example.yourapp.EditTextPreference
    android:defaultValue="1"
    android:key="cleanup_period"
    android:summary="Clean up messages after %s days"
    android:title="Clean up period" />

您可以覆盖默认的Preference类并实现该特性。

public class MyListPreference extends ListPreference  {
    public MyListPreference(Context context) { super(context); }
    public MyListPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); }
    @Override
    public void setValue(String value) {
        super.setValue(value);
        setSummary(getEntry());
    }
}

稍后在xml中，您可以使用自定义首选项，如

<your.package.name.MyListPreference 
    android:key="noteInterval"
    android:defaultValue="60"
    android:title="Notification Interval"
    android:entries="@array/noteInterval"
    android:entryValues="@array/noteIntervalValues"
    />

以下是我的解决方案:

构建一个首选项类型“getter”方法。

protected String getPreference(Preference x) {
    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3993982/how-to-check-type-of-variable-in-java
    if (x instanceof CheckBoxPreference)
        return "CheckBoxPreference";
    else if (x instanceof EditTextPreference)
        return "EditTextPreference";
    else if (x instanceof ListPreference)
        return "ListPreference";
    else if (x instanceof MultiSelectListPreference)
        return "MultiSelectListPreference";
    else if (x instanceof RingtonePreference)
        return "RingtonePreference";
    else if (x instanceof SwitchPreference)
        return "SwitchPreference";
    else if (x instanceof TwoStatePreference)
        return "TwoStatePreference";
    else if (x instanceof DialogPreference) // Needs to be after ListPreference
        return "DialogPreference";
    else
        return "undefined";
}

构建一个'setSummaryInit'方法。

public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences prefs, String key) {
        Log.i(TAG, "+ onSharedPreferenceChanged(prefs:" + prefs + ", key:" + key + ")");
        if( key != null ) {
            updatePreference(prefs, key);
            setSummary(key);
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Preference without key!");
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "- onSharedPreferenceChanged()");
    }

    protected boolean setSummary() {
        return _setSummary(null);
    }
    
    protected boolean setSummary(String sKey) {
        return _setSummary(sKey);
    }
    
    private boolean _setSummary(String sKey) {
        if (sKey == null) Log.i(TAG, "Initializing");
        else Log.i(TAG, sKey);
        
        // Get Preferences
        SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = PreferenceManager
                .getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);

        // Iterate through all Shared Preferences
        // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9310479/how-to-iterate-through-all-keys-of-shared-preferences
        Map<String, ?> keys = sharedPrefs.getAll();
        for (Map.Entry<String, ?> entry : keys.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            // Do work only if initializing (null) or updating specific preference key
            if ( (sKey == null) || (sKey.equals(key)) ) {
                String value = entry.getValue().toString();
                Preference pref = findPreference(key);
                String preference = getPreference(pref);
                Log.d("map values", key + " | " + value + " | " + preference);
                pref.setSummary(key + " | " + value + " | " + preference);
                if (sKey != null) return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private void updatePreference(SharedPreferences prefs, String key) {
        Log.i(TAG, "+ updatePreference(prefs:" + prefs + ", key:" + key + ")");
        Preference pref = findPreference(key);
        String preferenceType = getPreference(pref);
        Log.i(TAG, "preferenceType = " + preferenceType);
        Log.i(TAG, "- updatePreference()");
    }

初始化

创建一个公共类PreferenceActivity并实现OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    PreferenceManager.setDefaultValues(this, R.xml.global_preferences,
    false);
    this.addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.global_preferences);
    this.getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences()
        .registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
}

protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    setSummary();
}

由于在androidx首选项类有SummaryProvider接口，它可以在没有OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener的情况下完成。为EditTextPreference和ListPreference提供了简单的实现。根据EddieB的答案，它看起来像这样。在androidx.preference上测试:preference:1.1.0-alpha03。

package com.example.util.timereminder.ui.prefs;

import android.os.Bundle;

import com.example.util.timereminder.R;

import androidx.preference.EditTextPreference;
import androidx.preference.ListPreference;
import androidx.preference.Preference;
import androidx.preference.PreferenceFragmentCompat;
import androidx.preference.PreferenceGroup;

/**
 * Displays different preferences.
 */
public class PrefsFragmentExample extends PreferenceFragmentCompat {

    @Override
    public void onCreatePreferences(Bundle savedInstanceState, String rootKey) {
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences);

        initSummary(getPreferenceScreen());
    }

    /**
     * Walks through all preferences.
     *
     * @param p The starting preference to search from.
     */
    private void initSummary(Preference p) {
        if (p instanceof PreferenceGroup) {
            PreferenceGroup pGrp = (PreferenceGroup) p;
            for (int i = 0; i < pGrp.getPreferenceCount(); i++) {
                initSummary(pGrp.getPreference(i));
            }
        } else {
            setPreferenceSummary(p);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets up summary providers for the preferences.
     *
     * @param p The preference to set up summary provider.
     */
    private void setPreferenceSummary(Preference p) {
        // No need to set up preference summaries for checkbox preferences because
        // they can be set up in xml using summaryOff and summary On
        if (p instanceof ListPreference) {
            p.setSummaryProvider(ListPreference.SimpleSummaryProvider.getInstance());
        } else if (p instanceof EditTextPreference) {
            p.setSummaryProvider(EditTextPreference.SimpleSummaryProvider.getInstance());
        }
    }
}

Android文档说可以在getSummary()中使用String格式标记:

如果摘要中有一个字符串格式标记(即。“%s”或“%1$s”)，则当前条目的值将被替换。

在ListPreference xml声明中简单地指定android:summary=“在%s天后清理消息”对我来说很有效。

注意:这只适用于ListPreference。