同样的问题也出现在MSDN论坛上:

Varchar(max) vs Varchar(255)

原文(更多信息):

When you store data to a VARCHAR(N) column, the values are physically stored in the same way. But when you store it to a VARCHAR(MAX) column, behind the screen the data is handled as a TEXT value. So there is some additional processing needed when dealing with a VARCHAR(MAX) value. (only if the size exceeds 8000) VARCHAR(MAX) or NVARCHAR(MAX) is considered as a 'large value type'. Large value types are usually stored 'out of row'. It means that the data row will have a pointer to another location where the 'large value' is stored...

同样的问题也出现在MSDN论坛上:

Varchar(max) vs Varchar(255)

原文(更多信息):

When you store data to a VARCHAR(N) column, the values are physically stored in the same way. But when you store it to a VARCHAR(MAX) column, behind the screen the data is handled as a TEXT value. So there is some additional processing needed when dealing with a VARCHAR(MAX) value. (only if the size exceeds 8000) VARCHAR(MAX) or NVARCHAR(MAX) is considered as a 'large value type'. Large value types are usually stored 'out of row'. It means that the data row will have a pointer to another location where the 'large value' is stored...

我有一个udf填充字符串，并把输出varchar(max)。如果直接使用它，而不是将其转换回正在调整的列的适当大小，则性能非常差。我最终将udf设置为一个任意长度的大音符，而不是依赖udf的所有调用者将字符串重新转换为较小的大小。

如果一行中的所有数据(对于所有列)不会合理地占用8000或更少的字符，那么数据层的设计应该强制执行这一点。

数据库引擎可以更有效地将所有内容排除在blob存储之外。限制行越小越好。一页中可以塞进的行越多越好。当数据库必须访问更少的页面时，它的性能会更好。

把它当做另一个安全等级。您可以设计没有外键关系的表(完全有效)，并确保完全在业务层上存在关联实体。然而，外键被认为是很好的设计实践，因为它们增加了另一个约束级别，以防业务层出现问题。同样，字段大小限制和不使用varchar MAX。

我能看到的主要缺点是，假设你有这样的情况:

哪一个提供了关于UI所需数据的最多信息?

This

            CREATE TABLE [dbo].[BusData](
                [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
                [RecordId] [nvarchar](MAX) NULL,
                [CompanyName] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [FirstName] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [LastName] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [ADDRESS] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [CITY] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [County] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [STATE] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [ZIP] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [PHONE] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [COUNTRY] [nvarchar](MAX) NOT NULL,
                [NPA] [nvarchar](MAX) NULL,
                [NXX] [nvarchar](MAX) NULL,
                [XXXX] [nvarchar](MAX) NULL,
                [CurrentRecord] [nvarchar](MAX) NULL,
                [TotalCount] [nvarchar](MAX) NULL,
                [Status] [int] NOT NULL,
                [ChangeDate] [datetime] NOT NULL
            ) ON [PRIMARY]

还是这个?

            CREATE TABLE [dbo].[BusData](
                [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
                [RecordId] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
                [CompanyName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [FirstName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [LastName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [ADDRESS] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [CITY] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [County] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [STATE] [nvarchar](2) NOT NULL,
                [ZIP] [nvarchar](16) NOT NULL,
                [PHONE] [nvarchar](18) NOT NULL,
                [COUNTRY] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
                [NPA] [nvarchar](3) NULL,
                [NXX] [nvarchar](3) NULL,
                [XXXX] [nvarchar](4) NULL,
                [CurrentRecord] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
                [TotalCount] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
                [Status] [int] NOT NULL,
                [ChangeDate] [datetime] NOT NULL
            ) ON [PRIMARY]