截至https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/pull/14863，有一种生成哈希代码的新方法非常简单！只要写

public override int GetHashCode()
    => HashCode.Combine(field1, field2, field3);

这将生成高质量的哈希代码，而无需担心实现细节。

这是我的简单方法。我使用的是经典的生成器模式。它是类型安全的（无装箱/拆箱），并且与.NET 2.0兼容（无扩展方法等）。

它的用法如下：

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    HashBuilder b = new HashBuilder();
    b.AddItems(this.member1, this.member2, this.member3);
    return b.Result;
} 

这里是实际的生成器类：

internal class HashBuilder
{
    private const int Prime1 = 17;
    private const int Prime2 = 23;
    private int result = Prime1;

    public HashBuilder()
    {
    }

    public HashBuilder(int startHash)
    {
        this.result = startHash;
    }

    public int Result
    {
        get
        {
            return this.result;
        }
    }

    public void AddItem<T>(T item)
    {
        unchecked
        {
            this.result = this.result * Prime2 + item.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2>(T1 item1, T2 item2)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2, T3>(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
        this.AddItem(item3);
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3, 
        T4 item4)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
        this.AddItem(item3);
        this.AddItem(item4);
    }

    public void AddItems<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(T1 item1, T2 item2, T3 item3, 
        T4 item4, T5 item5)
    {
        this.AddItem(item1);
        this.AddItem(item2);
        this.AddItem(item3);
        this.AddItem(item4);
        this.AddItem(item5);
    }        

    public void AddItems<T>(params T[] items)
    {
        foreach (T item in items)
        {
            this.AddItem(item);
        }
    }
}

这是Jon Skeet发布的上述算法的另一个流畅实现，但不包括分配或装箱操作：

public static class Hash
{
    public const int Base = 17;

    public static int HashObject(this int hash, object obj)
    {
        unchecked { return hash * 23 + (obj == null ? 0 : obj.GetHashCode()); }
    }

    public static int HashValue<T>(this int hash, T value)
        where T : struct
    {
        unchecked { return hash * 23 + value.GetHashCode(); }
    }
}

用法：

public class MyType<T>
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public string Description { get; set; }

    public int Value { get; set; }

    public IEnumerable<T> Children { get; set; }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return Hash.Base
            .HashObject(this.Name)
            .HashObject(this.Description)
            .HashValue(this.Value)
            .HashObject(this.Children);
    }
}

由于泛型类型约束，编译器将确保不使用类调用HashValue。但是没有编译器支持HashObject，因为添加泛型参数也会添加装箱操作。

这是一个很好的例子：

/// <summary>
/// Helper class for generating hash codes suitable 
/// for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. 
/// </summary>
public static class HashCodeHelper
{
    private static int GetHashCodeInternal(int key1, int key2)
    {
        unchecked
        {
           var num = 0x7e53a269;
           num = (-1521134295 * num) + key1;
           num += (num << 10);
           num ^= (num >> 6);

           num = ((-1521134295 * num) + key2);
           num += (num << 10);
           num ^= (num >> 6);

           return num;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="arr">An array of objects used for generating the 
    /// hash code.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode(params object[] arr)
    {
        int hash = 0;
        foreach (var item in arr)
            hash = GetHashCodeInternal(hash, item.GetHashCode());
        return hash;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj3">The third object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj4">The fourth object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and
    /// data structures like a hash table.
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2, T3 obj3,
        T4 obj4)
    {
        return GetHashCode(obj1, GetHashCode(obj2, obj3, obj4));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj3">The third object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2, T3>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2, T3 obj3)
    {
        return GetHashCode(obj1, GetHashCode(obj2, obj3));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified objects
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj1">The first object.</param>
    /// <param name="obj2">The second object.</param>
    /// <returns>
    /// A hash code, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data 
    /// structures like a hash table. 
    /// </returns>
    public static int GetHashCode<T1, T2>(T1 obj1, T2 obj2)
    {
        return GetHashCodeInternal(obj1.GetHashCode(), obj2.GetHashCode());
    }
}

下面是如何使用它：

private struct Key
{
    private Type _type;
    private string _field;

    public Type Type { get { return _type; } }
    public string Field { get { return _field; } }

    public Key(Type type, string field)
    {
        _type = type;
        _field = field;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return HashCodeHelper.GetHashCode(_field, _type);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (!(obj is Key))
            return false;
        var tf = (Key)obj;
        return tf._field.Equals(_field) && tf._type.Equals(_type);
    }
}

在Equals（）比较多个字段的大多数情况下，GetHash（）对一个字段或多个字段进行散列并不重要。您只需确保计算哈希值非常便宜（请不要分配）和快速（没有繁重的计算，当然也没有数据库连接），并提供良好的分布。

重型起吊应是Equals（）方法的一部分；哈希应该是一个非常便宜的操作，以便能够对尽可能少的项目调用Equal（）。

最后一个提示：不要依赖GetHashCode（）在多个应用程序运行中保持稳定。许多.Net类型不能保证它们的哈希代码在重新启动后保持不变，因此只能对内存中的数据结构使用GetHashCode（）的值。

如果您想从netstandard2.1中polyfill HashCode

public static class HashCode
{
    public static int Combine(params object[] instances)
    {
        int hash = 17;

        foreach (var i in instances)
        {
            hash = unchecked((hash * 31) + (i?.GetHashCode() ?? 0));
        }

        return hash;
    }
}

注意：如果与struct一起使用，它将由于装箱而分配内存