When a lambda expression uses an assigned local variable from its enclosing space there is an important restriction. A lambda expression may only use local variable whose value doesn't change. That restriction is referred as "variable capture" which is described as; lambda expression capture values, not variables. The local variables that a lambda expression may use are known as "effectively final". An effectively final variable is one whose value does not change after it is first assigned. There is no need to explicitly declare such a variable as final, although doing so would not be an error. Let's see it with an example, we have a local variable i which is initialized with the value 7, with in the lambda expression we are trying to change that value by assigning a new value to i. This will result in compiler error - "Local variable i defined in an enclosing scope must be final or effectively final"

@FunctionalInterface
interface IFuncInt {
    int func(int num1, int num2);
    public String toString();
}

public class LambdaVarDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args){             
        int i = 7;
        IFuncInt funcInt = (num1, num2) -> {
            i = num1 + num2;
            return i;
        };
    }   
}

effective final变量是一个局部变量，即:

未定义为最终 只分配一次。

final变量是这样的变量:

用final关键字声明。

当一个变量被初始化一次并且在其所有者类中从未发生变化时，它就是最终的或有效的最终的。我们不能在循环或内部类中初始化它。

最后:

final int number;
number = 23;

有效的最后:

int number;
number = 34;

注意:Final和Effective Final是相似的(赋值后它们的值不会改变)，但只是有效的Final变量 没有使用关键字final声明。

When a lambda expression uses an assigned local variable from its enclosing space there is an important restriction. A lambda expression may only use local variable whose value doesn't change. That restriction is referred as "variable capture" which is described as; lambda expression capture values, not variables. The local variables that a lambda expression may use are known as "effectively final". An effectively final variable is one whose value does not change after it is first assigned. There is no need to explicitly declare such a variable as final, although doing so would not be an error. Let's see it with an example, we have a local variable i which is initialized with the value 7, with in the lambda expression we are trying to change that value by assigning a new value to i. This will result in compiler error - "Local variable i defined in an enclosing scope must be final or effectively final"

@FunctionalInterface
interface IFuncInt {
    int func(int num1, int num2);
    public String toString();
}

public class LambdaVarDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args){             
        int i = 7;
        IFuncInt funcInt = (num1, num2) -> {
            i = num1 + num2;
            return i;
        };
    }   
}

下面这个变量是最终的，所以我们不能改变它的值一旦初始化。如果我们尝试，我们会得到一个编译错误…

final int variable = 123;

但是如果我们创建一个这样的变量，我们可以改变它的值…

int variable = 123;
variable = 456;

但是在Java 8中，默认情况下所有变量都是final。但是代码中第二行的存在使得它不是最终的。因此，如果我们从上面的代码中删除第二行，我们的变量现在是“有效的final”…

int variable = 123;

所以. .任何赋值一次且仅一次的变量都是“有效的最终变量”。

我发现解释“有效的final”最简单的方法是想象在变量声明中添加final修饰符。如果通过这个更改，程序在编译时和运行时继续以相同的方式运行，那么该变量实际上就是final。