但是，从Java SE 8开始，局部类可以访问>外围块的局部变量和参数，这些变量和参数是final或有效的final。

这不是在Java 8开始的，我使用它很长时间了。 这段代码(在java 8之前)是合法的:

String str = ""; //<-- not accesible from anonymous classes implementation
final String strFin = ""; //<-- accesible 
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
         String ann = str; // <---- error, must be final (IDE's gives the hint);
         String ann = strFin; // <---- legal;
         String str = "legal statement on java 7,"
                +"Java 8 doesn't allow this, it thinks that I'm trying to use the str declared before the anonymous impl."; 
         //we are forced to use another name than str
    }
);

但是，从Java SE 8开始，局部类可以访问>外围块的局部变量和参数，这些变量和参数是final或有效的final。

这不是在Java 8开始的，我使用它很长时间了。 这段代码(在java 8之前)是合法的:

String str = ""; //<-- not accesible from anonymous classes implementation
final String strFin = ""; //<-- accesible 
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
         String ann = str; // <---- error, must be final (IDE's gives the hint);
         String ann = strFin; // <---- legal;
         String str = "legal statement on java 7,"
                +"Java 8 doesn't allow this, it thinks that I'm trying to use the str declared before the anonymous impl."; 
         //we are forced to use another name than str
    }
);

下面这个变量是最终的，所以我们不能改变它的值一旦初始化。如果我们尝试，我们会得到一个编译错误…

final int variable = 123;

但是如果我们创建一个这样的变量，我们可以改变它的值…

int variable = 123;
variable = 456;

但是在Java 8中，默认情况下所有变量都是final。但是代码中第二行的存在使得它不是最终的。因此，如果我们从上面的代码中删除第二行，我们的变量现在是“有效的final”…

int variable = 123;

所以. .任何赋值一次且仅一次的变量都是“有效的最终变量”。

' effective final'是一个变量，如果它被'final'附加，则不会产生编译器错误

在“Brian Goetz”的一篇文章中，

非正式地说，如果局部变量的初始值从未改变，那么它实际上就是final变量——换句话说，声明它为final不会导致编译失败。

lambda-state-final- Brian Goetz

．.． 从Java SE 8开始，局部类可以访问封闭块的final或有效final的局部变量和参数。在初始化后值从未改变的变量或参数实际上是final。

例如，假设变量numberLength没有声明为final，并且在PhoneNumber构造函数中添加了标记的赋值语句:

public class OutterClass {  

  int numberLength; // <== not *final*

  class PhoneNumber {

    PhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
        numberLength = 7;   // <== assignment to numberLength
        String currentNumber = phoneNumber.replaceAll(
            regularExpression, "");
        if (currentNumber.length() == numberLength)
            formattedPhoneNumber = currentNumber;
        else
            formattedPhoneNumber = null;
     }

  ...

  }

...

}

由于这个赋值语句，变量numberLength不再是有效的final。结果，Java编译器生成一个类似于“内部类引用的局部变量必须是final或有效的final”的错误消息，其中内部类PhoneNumber试图访问numberLength变量:

http://codeinventions.blogspot.in/2014/07/difference-between-final-and.html

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/localclasses.html

When a lambda expression uses an assigned local variable from its enclosing space there is an important restriction. A lambda expression may only use local variable whose value doesn't change. That restriction is referred as "variable capture" which is described as; lambda expression capture values, not variables. The local variables that a lambda expression may use are known as "effectively final". An effectively final variable is one whose value does not change after it is first assigned. There is no need to explicitly declare such a variable as final, although doing so would not be an error. Let's see it with an example, we have a local variable i which is initialized with the value 7, with in the lambda expression we are trying to change that value by assigning a new value to i. This will result in compiler error - "Local variable i defined in an enclosing scope must be final or effectively final"

@FunctionalInterface
interface IFuncInt {
    int func(int num1, int num2);
    public String toString();
}

public class LambdaVarDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args){             
        int i = 7;
        IFuncInt funcInt = (num1, num2) -> {
            i = num1 + num2;
            return i;
        };
    }   
}