是否有一种方法可以在执行查询时显示Django正在运行的SQL ?
当前回答
from django.db import reset_queries, connection
class ShowSQL(object):
def __enter__(self):
reset_queries()
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
for sql in connection.queries:
print('Time: %s\nSQL: %s' % (sql['time'], sql['sql']))
然后你可以使用:
with ShowSQL() as t:
some queries <select>|<annotate>|<update> or other
它打印
时间:% s SQL: % s
其他回答
如果你确保你的settings.py文件有:
django.core.context_processors.debug中列出的 DEBUG = True INTERNAL_IPS元组中的IP
然后您应该可以访问sql_queries变量。我在每个页面上都添加了一个页脚,如下所示:
{%if sql_queries %}
<div class="footNav">
<h2>Queries</h2>
<p>
{{ sql_queries|length }} Quer{{ sql_queries|pluralize:"y,ies" }}, {{sql_time_sum}} Time
{% ifnotequal sql_queries|length 0 %}
(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById('debugQueryTable').style;s.disp\
lay=s.display=='none'?'':'none';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML=='Show'?'Hide':'Show';">Show</span>)
{% endifnotequal %}
</p>
<table id="debugQueryTable" style="display: none;">
<col width="1"></col>
<col></col>
<col width="1"></col>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">#</th>
<th scope="col">SQL</th>
<th scope="col">Time</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for query in sql_queries %}
<tr class="{% cycle odd,even %}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ query.sql|escape }}</td>
<td>{{ query.time }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
{% endif %}
通过添加一行,我得到了变量sql_time_sum
context_extras['sql_time_sum'] = sum([float(q['time']) for q in connection.queries])
到django_src/django/core/context_processors.py中的debug函数。
我为此开发了一个扩展,所以你可以很容易地在你的视图函数上放一个装饰器,看看有多少查询被执行了。
如何安装:
$ pip install django-print-sql
用作上下文管理器:
from django_print_sql import print_sql
# set `count_only` to `True` will print the number of executed SQL statements only
with print_sql(count_only=False):
# write the code you want to analyze in here,
# e.g. some complex foreign key lookup,
# or analyzing a DRF serializer's performance
for user in User.objects.all()[:10]:
user.groups.first()
装饰:用作装饰:
from django_print_sql import print_sql_decorator
@print_sql_decorator(count_only=False) # this works on class-based views as well
def get(request):
# your view code here
Github: https://github.com/rabbit-aaron/django-print-sql
django扩展有一个带参数print-sql的命令shell_plus
./manage.py shell_plus --print-sql
在django-shell中,所有执行的查询都会被打印出来
Ex.:
User.objects.get(pk=1)
SELECT "auth_user"."id",
"auth_user"."password",
"auth_user"."last_login",
"auth_user"."is_superuser",
"auth_user"."username",
"auth_user"."first_name",
"auth_user"."last_name",
"auth_user"."email",
"auth_user"."is_staff",
"auth_user"."is_active",
"auth_user"."date_joined"
FROM "auth_user"
WHERE "auth_user"."id" = 1
Execution time: 0.002466s [Database: default]
<User: username>
从django获取查询结果到数据库(使用正确的参数替换) 你可以使用这个函数:
from django.db import connection
def print_database_query_formatted(query):
sql, params = query.sql_with_params()
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute('EXPLAIN ' + sql, params)
db_query = cursor.db.ops.last_executed_query(cursor, sql, params).replace('EXPLAIN ', '')
parts = '{}'.format(db_query).split('FROM')
print(parts[0])
if len(parts) > 1:
parts = parts[1].split('WHERE')
print('FROM{}'.format(parts[0]))
if len(parts) > 1:
parts = parts[1].split('ORDER BY')
print('WHERE{}'.format(parts[0]))
if len(parts) > 1:
print('ORDER BY{}'.format(parts[1]))
# USAGE
users = User.objects.filter(email='admin@admin.com').order_by('-id')
print_database_query_formatted(users.query)
输出示例
SELECT "users_user"."password", "users_user"."last_login", "users_user"."is_superuser", "users_user"."deleted", "users_user"."id", "users_user"."phone", "users_user"."username", "users_user"."userlastname", "users_user"."email", "users_user"."is_staff", "users_user"."is_active", "users_user"."date_joined", "users_user"."latitude", "users_user"."longitude", "users_user"."point"::bytea, "users_user"."default_search_radius", "users_user"."notifications", "users_user"."admin_theme", "users_user"."address", "users_user"."is_notify_when_buildings_in_radius", "users_user"."active_campaign_id", "users_user"."is_unsubscribed", "users_user"."sf_contact_id", "users_user"."is_agree_terms_of_service", "users_user"."is_facebook_signup", "users_user"."type_signup"
FROM "users_user"
WHERE "users_user"."email" = 'admin@admin.com'
ORDER BY "users_user"."id" DESC
它基于这个票证评论:https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/17741#comment:4
另一个选项,请参阅本文中描述的settings.py中的日志记录选项
http://dabapps.com/blog/logging-sql-queries-django-13/
Debug_toolbar会降低开发服务器上每个页面的加载速度,而日志记录则不会,因此速度更快。输出可以转储到控制台或文件,所以UI不是很好。但是对于包含大量sql的视图,通过debug_toolbar调试和优化sql可能需要很长时间,因为每个页面加载都非常慢。
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