我有一个pandas数据框架，其中一列文本字符串包含逗号分隔的值。我想拆分每个CSV字段，并为每个条目创建一个新行(假设CSV是干净的，只需要在'，'上拆分)。例如，a应该变成b:
In [7]: a
Out[7]:
var1 var2
0 a,b,c 1
1 d,e,f 2
In [8]: b
Out[8]:
var1 var2
0 a 1
1 b 1
2 c 1
3 d 2
4 e 2
5 f 2
到目前为止，我已经尝试了各种简单的函数，但是.apply方法在轴上使用时似乎只接受一行作为返回值，而且我不能让.transform工作。任何建议都将不胜感激!
示例数据:
from pandas import DataFrame
import numpy as np
a = DataFrame([{'var1': 'a,b,c', 'var2': 1},
{'var1': 'd,e,f', 'var2': 2}])
b = DataFrame([{'var1': 'a', 'var2': 1},
{'var1': 'b', 'var2': 1},
{'var1': 'c', 'var2': 1},
{'var1': 'd', 'var2': 2},
{'var1': 'e', 'var2': 2},
{'var1': 'f', 'var2': 2}])
我知道这不会起作用，因为我们通过numpy丢失了DataFrame元数据，但它应该给你一个我试图做的感觉:
def fun(row):
letters = row['var1']
letters = letters.split(',')
out = np.array([row] * len(letters))
out['var1'] = letters
a['idx'] = range(a.shape[0])
z = a.groupby('idx')
z.transform(fun)
升级了MaxU的答案，支持MultiIndex
def explode(df, lst_cols, fill_value='', preserve_index=False):
"""
usage:
In [134]: df
Out[134]:
aaa myid num text
0 10 1 [1, 2, 3] [aa, bb, cc]
1 11 2 [] []
2 12 3 [1, 2] [cc, dd]
3 13 4 [] []
In [135]: explode(df, ['num','text'], fill_value='')
Out[135]:
aaa myid num text
0 10 1 1 aa
1 10 1 2 bb
2 10 1 3 cc
3 11 2
4 12 3 1 cc
5 12 3 2 dd
6 13 4
"""
# make sure `lst_cols` is list-alike
if (lst_cols is not None
and len(lst_cols) > 0
and not isinstance(lst_cols, (list, tuple, np.ndarray, pd.Series))):
lst_cols = [lst_cols]
# all columns except `lst_cols`
idx_cols = df.columns.difference(lst_cols)
# calculate lengths of lists
lens = df[lst_cols[0]].str.len()
# preserve original index values
idx = np.repeat(df.index.values, lens)
res = (pd.DataFrame({
col:np.repeat(df[col].values, lens)
for col in idx_cols},
index=idx)
.assign(**{col:np.concatenate(df.loc[lens>0, col].values)
for col in lst_cols}))
# append those rows that have empty lists
if (lens == 0).any():
# at least one list in cells is empty
res = (res.append(df.loc[lens==0, idx_cols], sort=False)
.fillna(fill_value))
# revert the original index order
res = res.sort_index()
# reset index if requested
if not preserve_index:
res = res.reset_index(drop=True)
# if original index is MultiIndex build the dataframe from the multiindex
# create "exploded" DF
if isinstance(df.index, pd.MultiIndex):
res = res.reindex(
index=pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(
res.index,
names=['number', 'color']
)
)
return res
