C++ doesn't allow virtual template member functions right now. The most likely reason is the complexity of implementing it. Rajendra gives good reason why it can't be done right now but it could be possible with reasonable changes of the standard. Especially working out how many instantiations of a templated function actually exist and building up the vtable seems difficult if you consider the place of the virtual function call. Standards people just have a lot of other things to do right now and C++1x is a lot of work for the compiler writers as well.

什么时候需要模板成员函数?我曾经遇到过这样的情况，我试图用纯虚拟基类重构一个层次结构。这是一种执行不同策略的糟糕风格。我想将其中一个虚函数的实参更改为数值类型，而不是重载成员函数并覆盖所有子类中的每一个重载，我尝试使用虚模板函数(并且不得不发现它们不存在)。

虽然很多人已经回答了一个老问题，但我相信一个简洁的方法，与其他发布的方法没有太大不同，就是使用一个小宏来帮助减轻类声明的重复。

// abstract.h

// Simply define the types that each concrete class will use
#define IMPL_RENDER() \
    void render(int a, char *b) override { render_internal<char>(a, b); }   \
    void render(int a, short *b) override { render_internal<short>(a, b); } \
    // ...

class Renderable
{
public:
    // Then, once for each on the abstract
    virtual void render(int a, char *a) = 0;
    virtual void render(int a, short *b) = 0;
    // ...
};

现在，要实现我们的子类:

class Box : public Renderable
{
public:
    IMPL_RENDER() // Builds the functions we want

private:
    template<typename T>
    void render_internal(int a, T *b); // One spot for our logic
};

这样做的好处是，当添加一个新支持的类型时，它可以从抽象头文件中完成，而不必在多个源文件/头文件中进行修改。

模板都是关于编译器在编译时生成代码的。虚函数都是关于运行时系统确定在运行时调用哪个函数。

一旦运行时系统发现它需要调用模板化的虚函数，编译就完成了，编译器就不能再生成相应的实例了。因此，不能使用虚拟成员函数模板。

然而，结合多态性和模板产生了一些强大而有趣的技术，特别是所谓的类型擦除。

不，他们不能。但是:

template<typename T>
class Foo {
public:
  template<typename P>
  void f(const P& p) {
    ((T*)this)->f<P>(p);
  }
};

class Bar : public Foo<Bar> {
public:
  template<typename P>
  void f(const P& p) {
    std::cout << p << std::endl;
  }
};

int main() {
  Bar bar;

  Bar *pbar = &bar;
  pbar -> f(1);

  Foo<Bar> *pfoo = &bar;
  pfoo -> f(1);
};

如果您想要做的只是拥有一个公共接口并将实现推迟到子类，则效果大致相同。

我目前的解决方案如下(禁用RTTI -你也可以使用std::type_index):

#include <type_traits>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>

class Type
{
};

template<typename T>
class TypeImpl : public Type
{

};

template<typename T>
inline Type* typeOf() {
    static Type* typePtr = new TypeImpl<T>();
    return typePtr;
}

/* ------------- */

template<
    typename Calling
    , typename Result = void
    , typename From
    , typename Action
>
inline Result DoComplexDispatch(From* from, Action&& action);

template<typename Cls>
class ChildClasses
{
public:
    using type = std::tuple<>;
};

template<typename... Childs>
class ChildClassesHelper
{
public:
    using type = std::tuple<Childs...>;
};

//--------------------------

class A;
class B;
class C;
class D;

template<>
class ChildClasses<A> : public ChildClassesHelper<B, C, D> {};

template<>
class ChildClasses<B> : public ChildClassesHelper<C, D> {};

template<>
class ChildClasses<C> : public ChildClassesHelper<D> {};

//-------------------------------------------

class A
{
public:
    virtual Type* GetType()
    {
        return typeOf<A>();
    }

    template<
        typename T,
        bool checkType = true
    >
        /*virtual*/void DoVirtualGeneric()
    {
        if constexpr (checkType)
        {
            return DoComplexDispatch<A>(this, [&](auto* other) -> decltype(auto)
                {
                    return other->template DoVirtualGeneric<T, false>();
                });
        }
        std::cout << "A";
    }
};

class B : public A
{
public:
    virtual Type* GetType()
    {
        return typeOf<B>();
    }
    template<
        typename T,
        bool checkType = true
    >
    /*virtual*/void DoVirtualGeneric() /*override*/
    {
        if constexpr (checkType)
        {
            return DoComplexDispatch<B>(this, [&](auto* other) -> decltype(auto)
                {
                    other->template DoVirtualGeneric<T, false>();
                });
        }
        std::cout << "B";
    }
};

class C : public B
{
public:
    virtual Type* GetType() {
        return typeOf<C>();
    }

    template<
        typename T,
        bool checkType = true
    >
    /*virtual*/void DoVirtualGeneric() /*override*/
    {
        if constexpr (checkType)
        {
            return DoComplexDispatch<C>(this, [&](auto* other) -> decltype(auto)
                {
                    other->template DoVirtualGeneric<T, false>();
                });
        }
        std::cout << "C";
    }
};

class D : public C
{
public:
    virtual Type* GetType() {
        return typeOf<D>();
    }
};

int main()
{
    A* a = new A();
    a->DoVirtualGeneric<int>();
}

// --------------------------

template<typename Tuple>
class RestTuple {};

template<
    template<typename...> typename Tuple,
    typename First,
    typename... Rest
>
class RestTuple<Tuple<First, Rest...>> {
public:
    using type = Tuple<Rest...>;
};

// -------------
template<
    typename CandidatesTuple
    , typename Result
    , typename From
    , typename Action
>
inline constexpr Result DoComplexDispatchInternal(From* from, Action&& action, Type* fromType)
{
    using FirstCandidate = std::tuple_element_t<0, CandidatesTuple>;

    if constexpr (std::tuple_size_v<CandidatesTuple> == 1)
    {
        return action(static_cast<FirstCandidate*>(from));
    }
    else {
        if (fromType == typeOf<FirstCandidate>())
        {
            return action(static_cast<FirstCandidate*>(from));
        }
        else {
            return DoComplexDispatchInternal<typename RestTuple<CandidatesTuple>::type, Result>(
                from, action, fromType
            );
        }
    }
}

template<
    typename Calling
    , typename Result
    , typename From
    , typename Action
>
inline Result DoComplexDispatch(From* from, Action&& action)
{
    using ChildsOfCalling = typename ChildClasses<Calling>::type;
    if constexpr (std::tuple_size_v<ChildsOfCalling> == 0)
    {
        return action(static_cast<Calling*>(from));
    }
    else {
        auto fromType = from->GetType();
        using Candidates = decltype(std::tuple_cat(std::declval<std::tuple<Calling>>(), std::declval<ChildsOfCalling>()));
        return DoComplexDispatchInternal<Candidates, Result>(
            from, std::forward<Action>(action), fromType
        );
    }
}

我唯一不喜欢的是你必须定义/注册所有的子类。

不可以，模板成员函数不能为虚函数。