如果my_map中的值不是唯一的:

Python 3:

inv_map = {}
for k, v in my_map.items():
    inv_map[v] = inv_map.get(v, []) + [k]

Python 2:

inv_map = {}
for k, v in my_map.iteritems():
    inv_map[v] = inv_map.get(v, []) + [k]

不是完全不同的东西，只是从食谱中重写了一点。它通过保留setdefault方法进一步优化，而不是每次通过实例获取它:

def inverse(mapping):
    '''
    A function to inverse mapping, collecting keys with simillar values
    in list. Careful to retain original type and to be fast.
    >> d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=1, d=3, e=2, f=1, g=5, h=2)
    >> inverse(d)
    {1: ['f', 'c', 'a'], 2: ['h', 'b', 'e'], 3: ['d'], 5: ['g']}
    '''
    res = {}
    setdef = res.setdefault
    for key, value in mapping.items():
        setdef(value, []).append(key)
    return res if mapping.__class__==dict else mapping.__class__(res)

设计为在CPython 3下运行。X表示2。用mapping.iteritems()替换mapping.items()

在我的机器上运行得比这里的其他例子快一些

即使在原始字典中有非唯一的值，这种方法也有效。

def dict_invert(d):
    '''
    d: dict
    Returns an inverted dictionary 
    '''
    # Your code here
    inv_d = {}
    for k, v in d.items():
        if v not in inv_d.keys():
            inv_d[v] = [k]
        else:
            inv_d[v].append(k)
        inv_d[v].sort()
        print(f"{inv_d[v]} are the values")
        
    return inv_d

函数对于list类型的值是对称的;执行reverse_dict(reverse_dict(dictionary))时，元组被转换为列表

def reverse_dict(dictionary):
    reverse_dict = {}
    for key, value in dictionary.iteritems():
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            value = [value]
        for val in value:
            reverse_dict[val] = reverse_dict.get(val, [])
            reverse_dict[val].append(key)
    for key, value in reverse_dict.iteritems():
        if len(value) == 1:
            reverse_dict[key] = value[0]
    return reverse_dict

Python 3 +:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.items()}

Python 2:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.iteritems()}

有很多答案，但没有找到任何干净的东西，以防我们谈论的是一个具有非唯一值的字典。

解决办法是:

from collections import defaultdict

inv_map = defaultdict(list) 
for k, v in my_map.items(): 
    inv_map[v].append(k)

例子:

如果初始dict my_map ={“c”:1、“d”:5,' ':5 b: 10}

然后，运行上面的代码将得到:

{5: ['a', 'd'], 1: ['c'], 10: ['b']}