有很多答案，但没有找到任何干净的东西，以防我们谈论的是一个具有非唯一值的字典。

解决办法是:

from collections import defaultdict

inv_map = defaultdict(list) 
for k, v in my_map.items(): 
    inv_map[v].append(k)

例子:

如果初始dict my_map ={“c”:1、“d”:5,' ':5 b: 10}

然后，运行上面的代码将得到:

{5: ['a', 'd'], 1: ['c'], 10: ['b']}

我会在python2中这样做。

inv_map = {my_map[x] : x for x in my_map}

与值不同，字典需要在字典中有一个唯一的键，因此我们必须将反向的值附加到一个sort列表中，以便包含在新的特定键中。

def r_maping(dictionary):
    List_z=[]
    Map= {}
    for z, x in dictionary.iteritems(): #iterate through the keys and values
        Map.setdefault(x,List_z).append(z) #Setdefault is the same as dict[key]=default."The method returns the key value available in the dictionary and if given key is not available then it will return provided default value. Afterward, we will append into the default list our new values for the specific key.
    return Map

不是完全不同的东西，只是从食谱中重写了一点。它通过保留setdefault方法进一步优化，而不是每次通过实例获取它:

def inverse(mapping):
    '''
    A function to inverse mapping, collecting keys with simillar values
    in list. Careful to retain original type and to be fast.
    >> d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=1, d=3, e=2, f=1, g=5, h=2)
    >> inverse(d)
    {1: ['f', 'c', 'a'], 2: ['h', 'b', 'e'], 3: ['d'], 5: ['g']}
    '''
    res = {}
    setdef = res.setdefault
    for key, value in mapping.items():
        setdef(value, []).append(key)
    return res if mapping.__class__==dict else mapping.__class__(res)

设计为在CPython 3下运行。X表示2。用mapping.iteritems()替换mapping.items()

在我的机器上运行得比这里的其他例子快一些

函数对于list类型的值是对称的;执行reverse_dict(reverse_dict(dictionary))时，元组被转换为列表

def reverse_dict(dictionary):
    reverse_dict = {}
    for key, value in dictionary.iteritems():
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            value = [value]
        for val in value:
            reverse_dict[val] = reverse_dict.get(val, [])
            reverse_dict[val].append(key)
    for key, value in reverse_dict.iteritems():
        if len(value) == 1:
            reverse_dict[key] = value[0]
    return reverse_dict

字典值为集合的一种情况。如:

some_dict = {"1":{"a","b","c"},
        "2":{"d","e","f"},
        "3":{"g","h","i"}}

逆函数是:

some_dict = {vi: k  for k, v in some_dict.items() for vi in v}

输出如下:

{'c': '1',
 'b': '1',
 'a': '1',
 'f': '2',
 'd': '2',
 'e': '2',
 'g': '3',
 'h': '3',
 'i': '3'}