有没有比下面的pausecomp函数（取自此处）更好的方法来设计JavaScript中的睡眠？
function pausecomp(millis)
{
var date = new Date();
var curDate = null;
do { curDate = new Date(); }
while(curDate-date < millis);
}
这不是JavaScript中的Sleep的重复-动作之间的延迟；我希望在函数的中间有一个真正的睡眠，而不是在代码执行之前有一段延迟。
当前回答
我也搜索了一个睡眠解决方案（不用于生产代码，只用于开发和测试），并找到了这篇文章：
JavaScript sleep（）或wait（）
…还有一篇关于客户端解决方案的文章：JavaScript睡眠
此外，当您调用alert（）时，代码也会暂停，同时显示警报——您需要找到一种方法来不显示警报，但获得相同的效果。：）
其他回答
总结一下（就像前面的回答中所说的）：
JavaScript中没有内置的睡眠函数。您应该使用setTimeout或setInterval来实现类似的效果。
如果你真的想，你可以用一个for循环来模拟睡眠功能，比如原始问题中所示的循环，但这会让你的CPU工作得很疯狂。在Web Worker内部，另一种解决方案是向非响应IP地址发出同步XMLHttpRequest，并设置适当的超时。这将避免CPU利用率问题。下面是一个代码示例：
//仅在web工作程序内部工作函数休眠（毫秒）{var req=新XMLHttpRequest（）；请求打开（“GET”，“http://192.0.2.0/“，错误）；req.timeout=毫秒；尝试{请求发送（）；}捕获（ex）{}}console.log（'休眠1秒…'）；睡眠（1000）；console.log（“睡眠！”）；console.log（'休眠5秒…'）睡眠（5000）；console.log（“睡眠！”）；
拥抱JavaScript的异步特性！
以下所有内容都将立即返回，但只有一个地方可以放置发生事件后要运行的代码。
我在这里概述的方法都适用于不同的用例，并根据其复杂性大致排序。
不同之处如下：
等待某些条件变为现实在调用单个回调之前，等待一组方法完成（按任何顺序）在调用回调之前，以特定顺序运行一系列具有共享状态的异步方法
Wait
如果没有任何可访问的回调来告诉您什么时候完成了执行，那么等待某个条件是否为真是非常有用的。
这是一个非常基本的实现，它假设条件在某个时刻变为真。通过一些调整，它可以扩展到更有用（例如，通过设置呼叫限制）。（我昨天才写了这篇！）
function waitFor(predicate, successCallback) {
setTimeout(function () {
var result = predicate();
if (result !== undefined)
successCallback(result);
else
waitFor(predicate, successCallback);
}, 100);
}
呼叫代码：
beforeEach(function (done) {
selectListField('A field');
waitFor(function () {
var availableOptions = stores.scrapeStore(optionStore);
if (availableOptions.length !== 0)
return availableOptions;
}, done);
});
在这里，我调用了加载ExtJS“store”的东西，并等待该存储包含一些东西后再继续（beforeEach是Jasmine测试框架的东西）。
等待几件事完成
我还需要在加载完不同的方法后运行一个回调。你可以这样做：
createWaitRunner = function (completionCallback) {
var callback = completionCallback;
var completionRecord = [];
var elements = 0;
function maybeFinish() {
var done = completionRecord.every(function (element) {
return element === true
});
if (done)
callback();
}
return {
getNotifier: function (func) {
func = func || function (){};
var index = elements++;
completionRecord[index] = false;
return function () {
func.applyTo(arguments);
completionRecord[index] = true;
maybeFinish();
}
}
}
};
呼叫代码：
var waiter = createWaitRunner(done);
filterList.bindStore = waiter.getNotifier();
includeGrid.reconfigure = waiter.getNotifier(function (store) {
includeStore = store;
});
excludeGrid.reconfigure = waiter.getNotifier(function (store) {
excludeStore = store;
});
您可以只等待通知，也可以包装使用传递给函数的值的其他函数。调用所有方法后，将运行done。
按顺序运行异步方法
当我在一行中调用一系列异步方法时（同样在测试中），我使用了不同的方法。这有点类似于您可以在Async库中得到的东西——series也做了同样的事情，我先读了一下这个库，看看它是否符合我的要求。我认为我的测试有一个更好的API（实现起来很有趣！）。
// Provides a context for running asynchronous methods synchronously
// The context just provides a way of sharing bits of state
// Use 'run' to execute the methods. These should be methods that take a callback and optionally the context as arguments
// Note the callback is provided first, so you have the option of just partially applying your function to the arguments you want
// instead of having to wrap even simple functions in another function
// When adding steps you can supply either just a function or a variable name and a function
// If you supply a variable name then the output of the function (which should be passed into the callback) will be written to the context
createSynchronisedRunner = function (doneFunction) {
var context = {};
var currentPosition = 0;
var steps = [];
// This is the loop. It is triggered again when each method finishes
var runNext = function () {
var step = steps[currentPosition];
step.func.call(null,
function (output) {
step.outputHandler(output);
currentPosition++;
if (currentPosition === steps.length)
return;
runNext();
}, context);
};
var api = {};
api.addStep = function (firstArg, secondArg) {
var assignOutput;
var func;
// Overloads
if (secondArg === undefined) {
assignOutput = function () {
};
func = firstArg;
}
else {
var propertyName = firstArg;
assignOutput = function (output) {
context[propertyName] = output;
};
func = secondArg;
}
steps.push({
func: func,
outputHandler: assignOutput
});
};
api.run = function (completedAllCallback) {
completedAllCallback = completedAllCallback || function(){};
var lastStep = steps[steps.length - 1];
var currentHandler = lastStep.outputHandler;
lastStep.outputHandler = function (output) {
currentHandler(output);
completedAllCallback(context);
doneFunction();
};
runNext();
};
// This is to support more flexible use where you use a done function in a different scope to initialisation
// For example, the done of a test but create in a beforeEach
api.setDoneCallback = function (done) {
doneFunction = done;
};
return api;
};
呼叫代码：
beforeAll(function (done) {
var runner = createSynchronisedRunner(done);
runner.addStep('attachmentInformation', testEventService.getAttachmentCalled.partiallyApplyTo('cat eating lots of memory.jpg'));
runner.addStep('attachment', getAttachment.partiallyApplyTo("cat eating lots of memory.jpg"));
runner.addStep('noAttachment', getAttachment.partiallyApplyTo("somethingElse.jpg"));
runner.run(function (context) {
attachment = context.attachment;
noAttachment = context.noAttachment;
});
});
这里的PartiallyApplyTo基本上是Douglas Crockford实现Curry的重命名版本。我正在处理的很多东西都将回调作为最后的参数，这样简单的调用就可以这样完成，而不必用一个额外的函数来包装一切。
我在JavaScript sleep/wait上搜索了很多网页。。。如果你想让JavaScript“RUN，DELAY，RUN”。。。大多数人得到的要么是“RUN，RUN（无用的东西），RUN”，要么是“RUN，RUN+延迟RUN”。。。
我想：这是一个有效的解决方案。。。但你必须把你的跑步代码切碎…：是的，我知道，这只是一个更容易理解的重构。。。还
示例1：
<html>
<body>
<div id="id1">DISPLAY</div>
<script>
// JavaScript sleep by "therealdealsince1982"; copyrighted 2009
// setInterval
var i = 0;
function run() {
// Pieces of codes to run
if (i == 0){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " is ran</p>"; }
if (i == 1){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " is ran</p>"; }
if (i == 2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " is ran</p>"; }
if (i >2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " is ran</p>"; }
if (i == 5){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>all code segment finished running</p>"; clearInterval(t); } // End interval, stops run
i++; // Segment of code finished running, next...
}
run();
t = setInterval("run()", 1000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例2：
<html>
<body>
<div id="id1">DISPLAY</div>
<script>
// JavaScript sleep by "therealdealsince1982"; copyrighted 2009
// setTimeout
var i = 0;
function run() {
// Pieces of codes to run, can use switch statement
if (i == 0){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " ran</p>"; sleep(1000);}
if (i == 1){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " ran</p>"; sleep(2000);}
if (i == 2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " ran</p>"; sleep(3000);}
if (i == 3){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + i + " ran</p>";} //stops automatically
i++;
}
function sleep(dur) {t=setTimeout("run()", dur);} // Starts flow control again after 'dur'
run(); // Starts
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例3：
<html>
<body>
<div id="id1">DISPLAY</div>
<script>
// JavaScript sleep by "therealdealsince1982"; copyrighted 2009
// setTimeout
var i = 0;
function flow() {
run(i);
i++; // Code segment finished running, increment i; can put elsewhere
sleep(1000);
if (i == 5) {clearTimeout(t);} // Stops flow, must be after sleep()
}
function run(segment) {
// Pieces of codes to run, can use switch statement
if (segment == 0){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
if (segment == 1){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
if (segment == 2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
if (segment >2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment "+ segment +" is ran</p>"; }
}
function sleep(dur) {t=setTimeout("flow()", dur);} // Starts flow control again after 'dur'
flow(); // Starts flow
</script>
</body>
</html>
示例4：
<html>
<body>
<div id="id1">DISPLAY</div>
<script>
// JavaScript sleep by "therealdealsince1982"; copyrighted 2009
// setTimeout, switch
var i = 0;
function flow() {
switch(i)
{
case 0:
run(i);
sleep(1000);
break;
case 1:
run(i);
sleep(2000);
break;
case 5:
run(i);
clearTimeout(t); // Stops flow
break;
default:
run(i);
sleep(3000);
break;
}
}
function run(segment) {
// Pieces of codes to run, can use switch statement
if (segment == 0){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
if (segment == 1){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
if (segment == 2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
if (segment >2){document.getElementById("id1").innerHTML= "<p>code segment " + segment + " is ran</p>"; }
i++; // Current segment of code finished running, next...
}
function sleep(dur) {t=setTimeout("flow()", dur);} // Starts flow control again after 'dur'
flow(); // Starts flow control for first time...
</script>
</body>
</html>
从该链接获取的代码不会冻结计算机。但它只在Firefox中有效。
/**
* Netscape compatible WaitForDelay function.
* You can use it as an alternative to Thread.Sleep() in any major programming language
* that support it while JavaScript it self doesn't have any built-in function to do such a thing.
* parameters:
* (Number) delay in millisecond
*/
function nsWaitForDelay(delay) {
/**
* Just uncomment this code if you're building an extension for Firefox.
* Since Firefox 3, we'll have to ask for user permission to execute XPCOM objects.
*/
netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect");
// Get the current thread.
var thread = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/thread-manager;1"].getService(Components.interfaces.nsIThreadManager).currentThread;
// Create an inner property to be used later as a notifier.
this.delayed = true;
/* Call JavaScript setTimeout function
* to execute this.delayed = false
* after it finishes.
*/
setTimeout("this.delayed = false;", delay);
/**
* Keep looping until this.delayed = false
*/
while (this.delayed) {
/**
* This code will not freeze your browser as it's documented in here:
* https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Code_snippets/Threads#Waiting_for_a_background_task_to_complete
*/
thread.processNextEvent(true);
}
}
对于浏览器，我同意使用setTimeout和setInterval。
但是对于服务器端代码，它可能需要一个阻塞函数（例如，这样可以有效地进行线程同步）。
如果您正在使用Node.js和Meteor，您可能遇到了在光纤中使用setTimeout的限制。下面是服务器端睡眠的代码。
var Fiber = require('fibers');
function sleep(ms) {
var fiber = Fiber.current;
setTimeout(function() {
fiber.run();
}, ms);
Fiber.yield();
}
Fiber(function() {
console.log('wait... ' + new Date);
sleep(1000);
console.log('ok... ' + new Date);
}).run();
console.log('back in main');
参见：Node.js光纤，睡眠
