// where clause DBObject
    DBObject query = new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId(id));

    // modifications to be applied
    DBObject update = new BasicDBObject();

    // set new values
    update.put("$set", new BasicDBObject("param2","value2"));

   // update the document
    collection.update(query, update, true, false); //3rd param->upsertFlag, 4th param->updateMultiFlag

如果您有多个字段要更新

        Document doc = new Document();
        doc.put("param2","value2");
        doc.put("param3","value3");
        update.put("$set", doc);

你必须使用Embedded Documents (stringfy path对象)

let update = {}
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(new_info).forEach(param => {
   update['some_key.' + param] = new_info[param]
})

因此，在JavaScript中，您可以使用扩展操作符(…)进行更新

db.collection.update(  { _id:...} , { $set: { ...update  } } 

您可以在基于聚合的更新中使用$mergeObjects。类似的

db.collection.update(
   { _id:...},
   [{"$set":{
      "some_key":{
        "$mergeObjects":[
          "$some_key",
          new info or { param2 : "val2_new", param3 : "val3_new"}
       ]
      }
   }}]
)

这里有更多的例子

最好的解决方案是从对象中提取属性，并使它们成为平面点表示法键值对。例如，你可以使用这个库:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/mongo-dot-notation

它有.flatten函数，允许您将对象更改为平坦的属性集，然后可以给$set修饰符，而不用担心您现有DB对象的任何属性将被删除/覆盖而不需要。

摘自mongo-dot-notation文档:

var person = {
  firstName: 'John',
  lastName: 'Doe',
  address: {
    city: 'NY',
    street: 'Eighth Avenu',
    number: 123
  }
};



var instructions = dot.flatten(person)
console.log(instructions);
/* 
{
  $set: {
    'firstName': 'John',
    'lastName': 'Doe',
    'address.city': 'NY',
    'address.street': 'Eighth Avenu',
    'address.number': 123
  }
}
*/

然后它形成完美选择器-它只会更新给定的属性。 编辑:有时我喜欢成为考古学家;)

我是这样成功做到的:

db.collection.update(  { _id:...} , { $set: { 'key.another_key' : new_info  } } );

我有一个动态处理我的个人资料更新的函数

function update(prop, newVal) {
  const str = `profile.${prop}`;
  db.collection.update( { _id:...}, { $set: { [str]: newVal } } );
}

注意:'profile'是特定于我的实现，它只是你想修改的键的字符串。

从Mongo 4.2开始，db.collection.updateMany()(或db.collection.update())可以接受一个聚合管道，它允许使用聚合操作符，如$addFields，它输出输入文档中所有现有的字段和新添加的字段:

var new_info = { param2: "val2_new", param3: "val3_new" }

// { some_key: { param1: "val1", param2: "val2", param3: "val3" } }
// { some_key: { param1: "val1", param2: "val2"                 } }
db.collection.updateMany({}, [{ $addFields: { some_key: new_info } }])
// { some_key: { param1: "val1", param2: "val2_new", param3: "val3_new" } }
// { some_key: { param1: "val1", param2: "val2_new", param3: "val3_new" } }

The first part {} is the match query, filtering which documents to update (in this case all documents). The second part [{ $addFields: { some_key: new_info } }] is the update aggregation pipeline: Note the squared brackets signifying the use of an aggregation pipeline. Since this is an aggregation pipeline, we can use $addFields. $addFields performs exactly what you need: updating the object so that the new object will overlay / merge with the existing one: In this case, { param2: "val2_new", param3: "val3_new" } will be merged into the existing some_key by keeping param1 untouched and either add or replace both param2 and param3.