这是对第一个问题的回答。我没有注意到他改变了参数。

创建一个所有目标的列表。根据掉落物品(掉落物品本身和所有邻居)影响的正数值的数量为目标分配一个值。最高值是9。

根据受影响目标的数量(降序)对目标进行排序，对每个受影响目标的和进行二次降序排序。

向排名最高的目标投掷炸弹，然后重新计算目标，直到所有目标值都为零。

同意，这并不总是最优的。例如,

100011
011100
011100
011100
000000
100011

这种方法需要5枚炸弹才能清除。最理想的情况是，你可以在4分钟内完成。不过,很 非常接近，没有回头路。在大多数情况下，这将是最优的，或者非常接近。

使用原来的问题数，该方法解决28个炸弹。

添加代码来演示这种方法(使用带有按钮的表单):

         private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        int[,] matrix = new int[10, 10] {{5, 20, 7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 16, 11, 3}, 
                                         {17, 8, 15, 17, 12, 4, 5, 16, 8, 18},
                                         { 4, 19, 12, 11, 9, 7, 4, 15, 14, 6},
                                         { 17, 20, 4, 9, 19, 8, 17, 2, 10, 8},
                                         { 3, 9, 10, 13, 8, 9, 12, 12, 6, 18}, 
                                         {16, 16, 2, 10, 7, 12, 17, 11, 4, 15},
                                         { 11, 1, 15, 1, 5, 11, 3, 12, 8, 3},
                                         { 7, 11, 16, 19, 17, 11, 20, 2, 5, 19},
                                         { 5, 18, 2, 17, 7, 14, 19, 11, 1, 6},
                                         { 13, 20, 8, 4, 15, 10, 19, 5, 11, 12}};


        int value = 0;
        List<Target> Targets = GetTargets(matrix);
        while (Targets.Count > 0)
        {
            BombTarget(ref matrix, Targets[0]);
            value += 1;
            Targets = GetTargets(matrix);
        }
        Console.WriteLine( value);
        MessageBox.Show("done: " + value);
    }

    private static void BombTarget(ref int[,] matrix, Target t)
    {
        for (int a = t.x - 1; a <= t.x + 1; a++)
        {
            for (int b = t.y - 1; b <= t.y + 1; b++)
            {
                if (a >= 0 && a <= matrix.GetUpperBound(0))
                {
                    if (b >= 0 && b <= matrix.GetUpperBound(1))
                    {
                        if (matrix[a, b] > 0)
                        {
                            matrix[a, b] -= 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Dropped bomb on " + t.x + "," + t.y);
    }

    private static List<Target> GetTargets(int[,] matrix)
    {
        List<Target> Targets = new List<Target>();
        int width = matrix.GetUpperBound(0);
        int height = matrix.GetUpperBound(1);
        for (int x = 0; x <= width; x++)
        {
            for (int y = 0; y <= height; y++)
            {
                Target t = new Target();
                t.x = x;
                t.y = y;
                SetTargetValue(matrix, ref t);
                if (t.value > 0) Targets.Add(t);
            }
        }
        Targets = Targets.OrderByDescending(x => x.value).ThenByDescending( x => x.sum).ToList();
        return Targets;
    }

    private static void SetTargetValue(int[,] matrix, ref Target t)
    {
        for (int a = t.x - 1; a <= t.x + 1; a++)
        {
            for (int b = t.y - 1; b <= t.y + 1; b++)
            {
                if (a >= 0 && a <= matrix.GetUpperBound(0))
                {
                    if (b >= 0 && b <= matrix.GetUpperBound(1))
                    {
                        if (matrix[ a, b] > 0)
                        {
                            t.value += 1;
                            t.sum += matrix[a,b];
                        }

                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }

你需要的一个类:

        class Target
    {
        public int value;
        public int sum;
        public int x;
        public int y;
    }

如果你想要绝对最优解来清理棋盘，你将不得不使用经典的回溯，但如果矩阵非常大，它将需要很长时间才能找到最佳解，如果你想要一个“可能的”最优解，你可以使用贪婪算法，如果你需要帮助写算法，我可以帮助你

现在想想，这是最好的办法。在那里制作另一个矩阵，存储通过投掷炸弹而移除的点，然后选择点数最多的单元格，并在那里投掷炸弹更新点数矩阵，然后继续。例子:

2 3 5 -> (2+(1*3)) (3+(1*5)) (5+(1*3))
1 3 2 -> (1+(1*4)) (3+(1*7)) (2+(1*4))
1 0 2 -> (1+(1*2)) (0+(1*5)) (2+(1*2))

对于每个相邻的高于0的单元格，单元格值+1

我也有28招。我使用了两个测试来确定最佳下一步:第一个是产生最小棋盘和的一步。其次，对于相等的和，产生最大密度的移动，定义为:

number-of-zeros / number-of-groups-of-zeros

我是哈斯克尔。“解决板”显示引擎的解决方案。你可以通过输入“main”来玩游戏，然后输入目标点，“best”作为推荐，或者“quit”退出。

输出: *主>解决板 [(4, 4),(3、6),(3),(2,2),(2,2),(4、6)(4、6),(2,6),(2),(4,2)(2,6),(3),(4,3)(2,6)(4,2)(4、6)(4、6),(3、6),(2,6)(2,6)(2、4)(2、4)(2,6),(6),(4,2)(4,2)(4,2)(4,2)]

import Data.List
import Data.List.Split
import Data.Ord
import Data.Function(on)

board = [2,3,4,7,1,
         1,5,2,6,2,
         4,3,4,2,1,
         2,1,2,4,1,
         3,1,3,4,1,
         2,1,4,3,2,
         6,9,1,6,4]

n = 5
m = 7

updateBoard board pt =
  let x = fst pt
      y = snd pt
      precedingLines = replicate ((y-2) * n) 0
      bomb = concat $ replicate (if y == 1
                                    then 2
                                    else min 3 (m+2-y)) (replicate (x-2) 0 
                                                         ++ (if x == 1 
                                                                then [1,1]
                                                                else replicate (min 3 (n+2-x)) 1)
                                                                ++ replicate (n-(x+1)) 0)
  in zipWith (\a b -> max 0 (a-b)) board (precedingLines ++ bomb ++ repeat 0)

showBoard board = 
  let top = "   " ++ (concat $ map (\x -> show x ++ ".") [1..n]) ++ "\n"
      chunks = chunksOf n board
  in putStrLn (top ++ showBoard' chunks "" 1)
       where showBoard' []     str count = str
             showBoard' (x:xs) str count =
               showBoard' xs (str ++ show count ++ "." ++ show x ++ "\n") (count+1)

instances _ [] = 0
instances x (y:ys)
  | x == y    = 1 + instances x ys
  | otherwise = instances x ys

density a = 
  let numZeros = instances 0 a
      groupsOfZeros = filter (\x -> head x == 0) (group a)
  in if null groupsOfZeros then 0 else numZeros / fromIntegral (length groupsOfZeros)

boardDensity board = sum (map density (chunksOf n board))

moves = [(a,b) | a <- [2..n-1], b <- [2..m-1]]               

bestMove board = 
  let lowestSumMoves = take 1 $ groupBy ((==) `on` snd) 
                              $ sortBy (comparing snd) (map (\x -> (x, sum $ updateBoard board x)) (moves))
  in if null lowestSumMoves
        then (0,0)
        else let lowestSumMoves' = map (\x -> fst x) (head lowestSumMoves) 
             in fst $ head $ reverse $ sortBy (comparing snd) 
                (map (\x -> (x, boardDensity $ updateBoard board x)) (lowestSumMoves'))   

solve board = solve' board [] where
  solve' board result
    | sum board == 0 = result
    | otherwise      = 
        let best = bestMove board 
        in solve' (updateBoard board best) (result ++ [best])

main :: IO ()
main = mainLoop board where
  mainLoop board = do 
    putStrLn ""
    showBoard board
    putStr "Pt: "
    a <- getLine
    case a of 
      "quit"    -> do putStrLn ""
                      return ()
      "best"    -> do putStrLn (show $ bestMove board)
                      mainLoop board
      otherwise -> let ws = splitOn "," a
                       pt = (read (head ws), read (last ws))
                   in do mainLoop (updateBoard board pt)

蛮力!

我知道它效率不高，但即使你找到了一个更快的算法，你也可以对这个结果进行测试，以了解它有多准确。

使用一些递归，像这样:

void fn(tableState ts, currentlevel cl)
{
  // first check if ts is all zeros yet, if not:
  //
  // do a for loop to go through all cells of ts, 
  // for each cell do a bomb, and then
  // call: 
  // fn(ts, cl + 1);

}

你可以通过缓存来提高效率，如果不同的方法导致相同的结果，你不应该重复相同的步骤。

阐述:

如果轰炸单元格1,3,5的结果与轰炸单元格5,3,1的结果相同，那么，对于这两种情况，您不应该重新执行所有后续步骤，只需1就足够了，您应该将所有表状态存储在某个地方并使用其结果。

表统计信息的散列可以用于快速比较。

你的新问题，有跨行不递减的值，很容易解决。

Observe that the left column contains the highest numbers. Therefore, any optimal solution must first reduce this column to zero. Thus, we can perform a 1-D bombing run over this column, reducing every element in it to zero. We let the bombs fall on the second column so they do maximum damage. There are many posts here dealing with the 1D case, I think, so I feel safe in skipping that case. (If you want me to describe it, I can.). Because of the decreasing property, the three leftmost columns will all be reduced to zero. But, we will provably use a minimum number of bombs here because the left column must be zeroed.

现在，一旦左边的列归零，我们只要剪掉最左边的三列现在归零，然后对现在化简的矩阵重复这一步骤。这必须给我们一个最优的解决方案，因为在每个阶段我们使用可证明的最少数量的炸弹。

这是另一个想法:

让我们先给黑板上的每个空格分配一个权重，计算在那里扔炸弹会减少多少数字。如果这个空间有一个非零数，它就得到一个点，如果它的相邻空间有一个非零数，它就得到一个额外的点。如果这是一个1000 * 1000的网格，我们为这100万个空间中的每一个都分配了权重。

然后根据权重对列表中的空格进行排序，并轰炸权重最高的空格。可以这么说，这是我们最大的收获。

在此之后，更新每个空间的重量是受炸弹的影响。这是你轰炸的空间，和它相邻的空间，以及它们相邻的空间。换句话说，任何空间的价值都可能因为爆炸而减少为零，或者相邻空间的价值减少为零。

然后，根据权重重新排序列表空间。由于轰炸只改变了一小部分空间的权重，因此不需要使用整个列表，只需在列表中移动这些空间。

轰炸新的最高权重空间，并重复上述步骤。

这保证了每次轰炸都能减少尽可能多的空格(基本上，它会击中尽可能少的已经为零的空格)，所以这是最优的，除非它们的权重是相同的。所以你可能需要做一些回溯跟踪，当有一个平局的顶部重量。不过，只有最高重量的领带重要，其他领带不重要，所以希望没有太多的回溯。

Edit: Mysticial's counterexample below demonstrates that in fact this isn't guaranteed to be optimal, regardless of ties in weights. In some cases reducing the weight as much as possible in a given step actually leaves the remaining bombs too spread out to achieve as high a cummulative reduction after the second step as you could have with a slightly less greedy choice in the first step. I was somewhat mislead by the notion that the results are insensitive to the order of bombings. They are insensitive to the order in that you could take any series of bombings and replay them from the start in a different order and end up with the same resulting board. But it doesn't follow from that that you can consider each bombing independently. Or, at least, each bombing must be considered in a way that takes into account how well it sets up the board for subsequent bombings.