Another option is to use "Environment Modules" (http://modules.sourceforge.net/). This unfortunately introduces a third language into the mix. You define the environment with the language of Tcl, but there are a few handy commands for typical modifications (prepend vs. append vs set). You will also need to have environment modules installed. You can then use module load *XXX* to name the environment you want. The module command is basically a fancy alias for the eval mechanism described above by Thomas Kammeyer. The main advantage here is that you can maintain the environment in one language and rely on "Environment Modules" to translate it to sh, ksh, bash, csh, tcsh, zsh, python (?!?!!), etc.

使用“点空格脚本”调用语法。例如，下面是如何使用脚本的完整路径:

. /path/to/set_env_vars.sh

如果你和脚本在同一个目录中，下面是如何做到这一点:

. set_env_vars.sh

它们在当前shell下执行脚本，而不是加载另一个脚本(如果您执行./set_env_vars.sh，就会发生这种情况)。因为它在同一个shell中运行，所以当它退出时，您设置的环境变量将可用。

这与调用源set_env_vars.sh是一样的事情，但它的输入更短，并且可能在源不能工作的某些地方工作。

除了根据$SHELL/$TERM设置的写入条件外，没有。使用Perl有什么问题?它非常普遍(我想不出有哪个UNIX变体没有它)，而且它将为您省去这些麻烦。

从技术上讲，这是正确的——只有'eval'不会派生另一个shell。然而，从您试图在修改后的环境中运行的应用程序的角度来看，差异为零:子进程继承其父进程的环境，因此(修改后的)环境被传递给所有下行进程。

事实上，只要你在父程序/shell下运行，更改的环境变量就会“保持不变”。

If it is absolutely necessary for the environment variable to remain after the parent (Perl or shell) has exited, it is necessary for the parent shell to do the heavy lifting. One method I've seen in the documentation is for the current script to spawn an executable file with the necessary 'export' language, and then trick the parent shell into executing it -- always being cognizant of the fact that you need to preface the command with 'source' if you're trying to leave a non-volatile version of the modified environment behind. A Kluge at best.

The second method is to modify the script that initiates the shell environment (.bashrc or whatever) to contain the modified parameter. This can be dangerous -- if you hose up the initialization script it may make your shell unavailable the next time it tries to launch. There are plenty of tools for modifying the current shell; by affixing the necessary tweaks to the 'launcher' you effectively push those changes forward as well. Generally not a good idea; if you only need the environment changes for a particular application suite, you'll have to go back and return the shell launch script to its pristine state (using vi or whatever) afterwards.

简而言之，没有好的(简单的)方法。想必这很难确保系统的安全性不会受到不可挽回的损害。

在我的.bash_profile我有:

# No Proxy
function noproxy
{
    /usr/local/sbin/noproxy  #turn off proxy server
    unset http_proxy HTTP_PROXY https_proxy HTTPs_PROXY
}


# Proxy
function setproxy
{
    sh /usr/local/sbin/proxyon  #turn on proxy server 
    http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8118/
    HTTP_PROXY=$http_proxy
    https_proxy=$http_proxy
    HTTPS_PROXY=$https_proxy
    export http_proxy https_proxy HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY
}

当我想禁用代理时， 函数在登录shell中运行并设置变量 正如预期和希望的那样。

在OS X bash下，您可以执行以下操作: 创建bash脚本文件以取消该变量的设置

#!/bin/bash
unset http_proxy

使文件可执行

sudo chmod 744 unsetvar

创建别名

alias unsetvar='source /your/path/to/the/script/unsetvar'

只要将包含脚本文件的文件夹添加到路径中，它就可以使用了。