有没有一个函数生成一个随机int数在C?或者我必须使用第三方库?
当前回答
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int visited[100];
int randValue, a, b, vindex = 0;
randValue = (rand() % 100) + 1;
while (vindex < 100) {
for (b = 0; b < vindex; b++) {
if (visited[b] == randValue) {
randValue = (rand() % 100) + 1;
b = 0;
}
}
visited[vindex++] = randValue;
}
for (a = 0; a < 100; a++)
printf("%d ", visited[a]);
}
其他回答
你也可以使用mathgl库#include <mgl2/mgl_cf.h>(虽然首先你需要安装它,我自己通过MSYS2安装)函数mgl_rnd()。它也有均匀分布,高斯分布等等。这是ez的用法。但我不知道它的特点。
下面是我的方法(围绕rand()的包装器):
我还扩展到允许min为INT_MIN而max为INT_MAX的情况,这通常不可能单独使用rand(),因为它返回从0到RAND_MAX的值,包括(1/2范围)。
像这样使用它:
const int MIN = 1;
const int MAX = 1024;
// Get a pseudo-random number between MIN and MAX, **inclusive**.
// Seeding of the pseudo-random number generator automatically occurs
// the very first time you call it.
int random_num = utils_rand(MIN, MAX);
定义和氧描述:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/// \brief Use linear interpolation to rescale, or "map" value `val` from range
/// `in_min` to `in_max`, inclusive, to range `out_min` to `out_max`, inclusive.
/// \details Similar to Arduino's ingenious `map()` function:
/// https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/math/map/
///
/// TODO(gabriel): turn this into a gcc statement expression instead to prevent the potential for
/// the "double evaluation" bug. See `MIN()` and `MAX()` above.
#define UTILS_MAP(val, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max) \
(((val) - (in_min)) * ((out_max) - (out_min)) / ((in_max) - (in_min)) + (out_min))
/// \brief Obtain a pseudo-random integer value between `min` and `max`, **inclusive**.
/// \details 1. If `(max - min + 1) > RAND_MAX`, then the range of values returned will be
/// **scaled** to the range `max - min + 1`, and centered over the center of the
/// range at `(min + max)/2`. Scaling the numbers means that in the case of scaling,
/// not all numbers can even be reached. However, you will still be assured to have
/// a random distribution of numbers across the full range.
/// 2. Also, the first time per program run that you call this function, it will
/// automatically seed the pseudo-random number generator with your system's
/// current time in seconds.
/// \param[in] min The minimum pseudo-random number you'd like, inclusive. Can be positive
/// OR negative.
/// \param[in] max The maximum pseudo-random number you'd like, inclusive. Can be positive
/// OR negative.
/// \return A pseudo-random integer value between `min` and `max`, **inclusive**.
int utils_rand(int min, int max)
{
static bool first_run = true;
if (first_run)
{
// seed the pseudo-random number generator with the seconds time the very first run
time_t time_now_sec = time(NULL);
srand(time_now_sec);
first_run = false;
}
int range = max - min + 1;
int random_num = rand(); // random num from 0 to RAND_MAX, inclusive
if (range > RAND_MAX)
{
static_assert(
sizeof(long int) > sizeof(int),
"This must be true or else the below mapping/scaling may have undefined overflow "
"and not work properly. In such a case, try casting to `long long int` instead of "
"just `long int`, and update this static_assert accordingly.");
random_num = UTILS_MAP((long int)random_num, (long int)0, (long int)RAND_MAX, (long int)min,
(long int)max);
return random_num;
}
// This is presumably a faster approach than the map/scaling function above, so do this faster
// approach below whenever you don't **have** to do the more-complicated approach above.
random_num %= range;
random_num += min;
return random_num;
}
参见:
[我在写下上面的答案后发现了这个问答,但它显然非常相关,他们对非缩放范围的情况做了同样的事情]我如何从rand()中获得特定的数字范围? [我需要进一步研究和阅读这个答案-似乎有一些好的观点,保持良好的随机性不使用模量]我如何从rand()得到一个特定的数字范围? http://c-faq.com/lib/randrange.html
与此相关的特定于glibc的函数(应该在大多数Linux环境中都可以找到)是random(),或者您可能对其线程安全版本random_r()感兴趣。在将结构体random_data传递给random_r()之前,必须使用initstate_r()初始化它。
下面是一个快速的代码示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
void xxx (void) {
unsigned int seed = (unsigned int) time(NULL);
char rnd_state[17] = {0};
struct random_data rnd_st_buf = {0};
initstate_r(seed, &rnd_state[0], 17, &rnd_st_buf);
for(size_t idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) {
int32_t rnd_int = 0;
char rnd_seq_str[6] = {0};
random_r(&rnd_st_buf, &rnd_int);
memcpy((char *)&rnd_seq_str[0], (char *)&rnd_int, 4);
printf("random number : 0x%08x, \n", rnd_int);
}
}
您可以使用悬浮指针的概念。
指向已删除(或释放)内存位置的指针称为悬浮指针。
它将在打印时显示随机值。
在现代的x86_64 cpu上,您可以通过_rdrand64_step()使用硬件随机数生成器。
示例代码:
#include <immintrin.h>
uint64_t randVal;
if(!_rdrand64_step(&randVal)) {
// Report an error here: random number generation has failed!
}
// If no error occured, randVal contains a random 64-bit number
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