The easiest way I found to 'get' what the for/else did, and more importantly, when to use it, was to concentrate on where the break statement jumps to. The For/else construct is a single block. The break jumps out of the block, and so jumps 'over' the else clause. If the contents of the else clause simply followed the for clause, it would never be jumped over, and so the equivalent logic would have to be provided by putting it in an if. This has been said before, but not quite in these words, so it may help somebody else. Try running the following code fragment. I'm wholeheartedly in favour of the 'no break' comment for clarity.

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        break
else: #no break  +10 for whoever thought of this decoration
    print('for completed OK')

print('statement after for loop')

编辑-我注意到这个问题仍然在运行

第二个更好的想法……

“没有休息”的评论是负面的。要理解一个正的断言要容易得多，那就是for可迭代对象已经用完了。

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        print('ending for loop with a break')
        break
else: # for iterable exhausted  
    print('ending for loop as iterable exhausted')

print('for loop ended one way or another')

这也强化了这种解释

if iterable_supplies_a_value:
    run_the_for_with_that_value
else:
    do_something_else

这里是搜索之外的另一个惯用用例。假设您希望等待一个条件为真，例如，远程服务器上的一个端口打开，并伴有一些超时。然后你可以利用一点时间…其他结构如下:

import socket
import time

sock = socket.socket()
timeout = time.time() + 15
while time.time() < timeout:
    if sock.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', 80)) is 0:
        print('Port is open now!')
        break
    print('Still waiting...')
else:
    raise TimeoutError()

下面是一种我从未见过其他人提到过的思考方法:

首先，请记住for循环基本上只是while循环的语法糖。例如，循环

for item in sequence:
    do_something(item)

可以重写(大约)为

item = None
while sequence.hasnext():
    item = sequence.next()
    do_something(item)

其次，记住while循环基本上只是重复if块!你总是可以把while循环读成“如果这个条件为真，执行body，然后回来再次检查”。

因此while/else非常有意义:它与if/else结构完全相同，只是增加了循环直到条件变为false的功能，而不是只检查一次条件。

然后for/else也非常有意义:因为所有的for循环都只是while-循环之上的语法糖，你只需要弄清楚底层while-循环的隐式条件是什么，然后else对应于当条件变为False时。

一个循环的else分支只执行一次，不管这个循环是否进入它的循环体，除非循环体已经进入但没有结束。也就是说，在循环中会遇到break或return语句。

my_list = []
for i in my_list:
    print(i, end=',')
else:
    print('loop did not enter')

##################################    

for i in range(1,6,1):
    print(i, end=',')
else:
    print('loop completed successfully:', i)

##################################    

for i in range(1,6,1):
    if i == 3:
        print('loop did not finish:', i)
        break
    print(i, end=',')
else:
    print('else:', i)

输出:

loop did not enter
1,2,3,4,5,loop completed successfully: 5
1,2,loop did not finish: 3

while-else也是一样的。

import random
random.seed(8)

i = 100
while i < 90:
    print(i, end=',')
    i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
    print('loop did not enter:', i)

##################################    

i = 25
while i < 90:
    print(i, end=',')
    i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
    print('loop completed successfully:', i)

##################################    

i = 25
while i < 90:
    if i % 10 == 0:
        print('loop did not finish:', i)
        break
    print(i, end=',')
    i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
    print('else:', i)

输出:

loop did not enter: 100
25,29,47,48,16,24,loop completed successfully: 90
25,5,loop did not finish: 10

我同意，它更像是一个'elif not[条件(s)提高中断]'。

我知道这是一个老话题，但我现在正在研究同样的问题，我不确定是否有人能以我理解的方式抓住这个问题的答案。

对我来说，有三种方法来“阅读”For…else or While…所有等价的Else语句是:

Else ==如果循环正常完成(没有中断或错误) Else ==如果循环没有遇到断点 Else == Else not(条件引发中断)(假设存在这样的条件，否则就不会有循环)

因此，从本质上讲，循环中的“else”实际上是一个“elif…”，其中'…’表示(1)不中断，相当于(2)NOT[条件(s)引发中断]。

我认为关键在于，如果没有break, else是没有意义的，所以for…其他的包括:

for:
    do stuff
    conditional break # implied by else
else not break:
    do more stuff

a的基本元素。else循环如下所示，你可以用更简单的英语阅读它们:

for:
    do stuff
    condition:
        break
else: # read as "else not break" or "else not condition"
    do more stuff

正如其他帖子所说，当你能够找到你的循环正在寻找的东西时，通常会引发一个break，所以else:变成了“如果目标物品没有找到，该怎么办”。

例子

您还可以同时使用异常处理、中断和for循环。

for x in range(0,3):
    print("x: {}".format(x))
    if x == 2:
        try:
            raise AssertionError("ASSERTION ERROR: x is {}".format(x))
        except:
            print(AssertionError("ASSERTION ERROR: x is {}".format(x)))
            break
else:
    print("X loop complete without error")

结果

x: 0
x: 1
x: 2
ASSERTION ERROR: x is 2
----------
# loop not completed (hit break), so else didn't run

例子

一个简单的例子，断点被击中。

for y in range(0,3):
    print("y: {}".format(y))
    if y == 2: # will be executed
        print("BREAK: y is {}\n----------".format(y))
        break
else: # not executed because break is hit
    print("y_loop completed without break----------\n")

结果

y: 0
y: 1
y: 2
BREAK: y is 2
----------
# loop not completed (hit break), so else didn't run

例子

没有中断的简单示例，没有引发中断的条件，也没有遇到错误。

for z in range(0,3):
     print("z: {}".format(z))
     if z == 4: # will not be executed
         print("BREAK: z is {}\n".format(y))
         break
     if z == 4: # will not be executed
         raise AssertionError("ASSERTION ERROR: x is {}".format(x))
else:
     print("z_loop complete without break or error\n----------\n")

结果

z: 0
z: 1
z: 2
z_loop complete without break or error
----------

The easiest way I found to 'get' what the for/else did, and more importantly, when to use it, was to concentrate on where the break statement jumps to. The For/else construct is a single block. The break jumps out of the block, and so jumps 'over' the else clause. If the contents of the else clause simply followed the for clause, it would never be jumped over, and so the equivalent logic would have to be provided by putting it in an if. This has been said before, but not quite in these words, so it may help somebody else. Try running the following code fragment. I'm wholeheartedly in favour of the 'no break' comment for clarity.

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        break
else: #no break  +10 for whoever thought of this decoration
    print('for completed OK')

print('statement after for loop')

编辑-我注意到这个问题仍然在运行

第二个更好的想法……

“没有休息”的评论是负面的。要理解一个正的断言要容易得多，那就是for可迭代对象已经用完了。

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        print('ending for loop with a break')
        break
else: # for iterable exhausted  
    print('ending for loop as iterable exhausted')

print('for loop ended one way or another')

这也强化了这种解释

if iterable_supplies_a_value:
    run_the_for_with_that_value
else:
    do_something_else