我理解这种结构是如何运作的:

for i in range(10):
    print(i)

    if i == 9:
        print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
        break
else:
    print("Completed successfully")

但我不明白为什么在这里使用else作为关键字,因为它表明有问题的代码只在for块未完成时运行,这与它所做的相反!无论我怎么想,我的大脑都不能从for语句无缝地过渡到else语句块。对我来说,continue和continuouswith更有意义(我正试着训练自己这样读它)。

我想知道Python程序员是如何在头脑中(或者大声地,如果你喜欢)阅读这个结构的。也许我遗漏了一些可以使这些代码块更容易破译的东西?


这个问题是关于底层设计决策的,也就是说,为什么能够编写这些代码是有用的。另请参阅Python while语句中的Else子句,了解语法含义的具体问题。


当前回答

else语句块中的代码将在for循环未被打破时执行。

for x in xrange(1,5):
    if x == 5:
        print 'find 5'
        break
else:
    print 'can not find 5!'
#can not find 5!

来自文档:break和continue语句,以及循环中的else子句

Loop statements may have an else clause; it is executed when the loop terminates through exhaustion of the list (with for) or when the condition becomes false (with while), but not when the loop is terminated by a break statement. This is exemplified by the following loop, which searches for prime numbers: >>> for n in range(2, 10): ... for x in range(2, n): ... if n % x == 0: ... print(n, 'equals', x, '*', n//x) ... break ... else: ... # loop fell through without finding a factor ... print(n, 'is a prime number') ... 2 is a prime number 3 is a prime number 4 equals 2 * 2 5 is a prime number 6 equals 2 * 3 7 is a prime number 8 equals 2 * 4 9 equals 3 * 3 (Yes, this is the correct code. Look closely: the else clause belongs to the for loop, not the if statement.) When used with a loop, the else clause has more in common with the else clause of a try statement than it does that of if statements: a try statement’s else clause runs when no exception occurs, and a loop’s else clause runs when no break occurs. For more on the try statement and exceptions, see Handling Exceptions. The continue statement, also borrowed from C, continues with the next iteration of the loop: >>> for num in range(2, 10): ... if num % 2 == 0: ... print("Found an even number", num) ... continue ... print("Found a number", num) Found an even number 2 Found a number 3 Found an even number 4 Found a number 5 Found an even number 6 Found a number 7 Found an even number 8 Found a number 9

其他回答

else子句在循环正常完成后执行。这意味着The:==> 只有当循环没有被break语句终止时,才会在for/while语句之后执行else块

for item in lista:
if(obj == item ):
    print("if True then break will run and else not run")
    break;
else:
print("in  else => obj not fount ")

一个常见的构造是运行一个循环,直到找到一些东西,然后跳出循环。问题是,如果我跳出循环或循环结束,我需要确定发生了哪种情况。一种方法是创建一个标志或存储变量,让我进行第二次测试,以查看循环是如何退出的。

例如,假设我需要在列表中搜索并处理每个项,直到找到标志项,然后停止处理。如果缺少标志项,则需要引发异常。

使用Python进行…你的其他构念

for i in mylist:
    if i == theflag:
        break
    process(i)
else:
    raise ValueError("List argument missing terminal flag.")

将此方法与不使用此语法糖的方法进行比较:

flagfound = False
for i in mylist:
    if i == theflag:
        flagfound = True
        break
    process(i)

if not flagfound:
    raise ValueError("List argument missing terminal flag.")

在第一种情况下,raise与它所使用的for循环紧密绑定。第二种情况是,绑定不那么牢固,在维护过程中可能会出现错误。

我认为文档对else有很好的解释,继续

[…当循环因列表耗尽而终止(使用for)或当条件变为false(使用while)时执行,但当循环由break语句终止时不执行。”

来源:Python 2文档:控制流教程

你可以这样想, 其他的东西,或者其他的东西,不是在循环中完成的。

我是这样读的:

如果还在运行循环的条件下,做点别的,否则做点别的。