即使对经验丰富的Python程序员来说，这也是一个奇怪的结构。当与for-loops结合使用时，它的基本意思是“在可迭代对象中找到某个项，否则如果没有找到则do…”。如:

found_obj = None
for obj in objects:
    if obj.key == search_key:
        found_obj = obj
        break
else:
    print('No object found.')

但是无论何时你看到这个结构，一个更好的选择是将搜索封装在一个函数中:

def find_obj(search_key):
    for obj in objects:
        if obj.key == search_key:
            return obj

或者使用列表推导式:

matching_objs = [o for o in objects if o.key == search_key]
if matching_objs:
    print('Found {}'.format(matching_objs[0]))
else:
    print('No object found.')

它在语义上并不等同于其他两个版本，但在非性能关键代码中工作得足够好，在这些代码中，是否迭代整个列表并不重要。其他人可能不同意，但我个人会避免在生产代码中使用for-else或while-else块。

另参见[Python-ideas] for…其他线程

这里是搜索之外的另一个惯用用例。假设您希望等待一个条件为真，例如，远程服务器上的一个端口打开，并伴有一些超时。然后你可以利用一点时间…其他结构如下:

import socket
import time

sock = socket.socket()
timeout = time.time() + 15
while time.time() < timeout:
    if sock.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', 80)) is 0:
        print('Port is open now!')
        break
    print('Still waiting...')
else:
    raise TimeoutError()

for i in range(3):
    print(i)

    if i == 2:
        print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
        break;
else:
    print("Completed successfully")

"else"在这里非常简单，意思是

1、“if for从句是完整的”

for i in range(3):
    print(i)

    if i == 2:
        print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
        break;
if "for clause is completed":
    print("Completed successfully")

写“for从句已完成”这样长的语句是很笨拙的，所以他们引入了“else”。

否则这里本质上是一个如果。

2、然而，How about for从句根本没有出现

In [331]: for i in range(0):
     ...:     print(i)
     ...: 
     ...:     if i == 9:
     ...:         print("Too big - I'm giving up!")
     ...:         break
     ...: else:
     ...:     print("Completed successfully")
     ...:     
Completed successfully

所以这完全是逻辑组合:

if "for clause is completed" or "not run at all":
     do else stuff

或者这样说:

if "for clause is not partially run":
    do else stuff

或者这样:

if "for clause not encounter a break":
    do else stuff

The easiest way I found to 'get' what the for/else did, and more importantly, when to use it, was to concentrate on where the break statement jumps to. The For/else construct is a single block. The break jumps out of the block, and so jumps 'over' the else clause. If the contents of the else clause simply followed the for clause, it would never be jumped over, and so the equivalent logic would have to be provided by putting it in an if. This has been said before, but not quite in these words, so it may help somebody else. Try running the following code fragment. I'm wholeheartedly in favour of the 'no break' comment for clarity.

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        break
else: #no break  +10 for whoever thought of this decoration
    print('for completed OK')

print('statement after for loop')

编辑-我注意到这个问题仍然在运行

第二个更好的想法……

“没有休息”的评论是负面的。要理解一个正的断言要容易得多，那就是for可迭代对象已经用完了。

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        print('ending for loop with a break')
        break
else: # for iterable exhausted  
    print('ending for loop as iterable exhausted')

print('for loop ended one way or another')

这也强化了这种解释

if iterable_supplies_a_value:
    run_the_for_with_that_value
else:
    do_something_else

我把它读成这样:“当可迭代对象完全耗尽时，在完成for语句后，执行即将继续执行下一个语句，else子句将被执行。”因此，当迭代被break打断时，这将不会执行。

因为他们不想给这门语言引入一个新的关键字。每一个都窃取一个标识符并导致向后兼容问题，所以通常是最后的手段。