总结一下:

# data
a = ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
b = (1, 2, 3, 4)

# forward
zipped = zip(a, b)  # [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]

# reverse
a_, b_ = zip(*zipped)

# verify
assert a == a_
assert b == b_

下面是一个简单的单行回答，可以产生所需的输出:

original = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]
list(zip(*original))
# [('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'), (1, 2, 3, 4)]

要获得一个列表的元组，如问题中所示:

>>> original = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]
>>> tuple([list(tup) for tup in zip(*original)])
(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], [1, 2, 3, 4])

要将两个列表解压缩为单独的变量:

list1, list2 = [list(tup) for tup in zip(*original)]

在2。X, zip是它自己的逆!前提是使用特殊的*操作符。

>>> zip(*[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)])
[('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'), (1, 2, 3, 4)]

这相当于将列表中的每个元素作为单独的参数调用zip:

zip(('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4))

除非参数被直接传递给zip(在被转换为元组之后)，所以没有必要担心参数的数量变得太大。

在3。X, zip返回一个惰性迭代器，但这是简单的转换:

>>> list(zip(*[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4)]))
[('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'), (1, 2, 3, 4)]

虽然numpy数组和pandas可能更可取，但此函数在作为unzip(args)调用时模仿zip(*args)的行为。

允许生成器(如Python 3中zip的结果)在遍历值时作为参数传递。

def unzip(items, cls=list, ocls=tuple):
    """Zip function in reverse.

    :param items: Zipped-like iterable.
    :type  items: iterable

    :param cls: Container factory. Callable that returns iterable containers,
        with a callable append attribute, to store the unzipped items. Defaults
        to ``list``.
    :type  cls: callable, optional

    :param ocls: Outer container factory. Callable that returns iterable
        containers. with a callable append attribute, to store the inner
        containers (see ``cls``). Defaults to ``tuple``.
    :type  ocls: callable, optional

    :returns: Unzipped items in instances returned from ``cls``, in an instance
        returned from ``ocls``.
    """
    # iter() will return the same iterator passed to it whenever possible.
    items = iter(items)

    try:
        i = next(items)
    except StopIteration:
        return ocls()

    unzipped = ocls(cls([v]) for v in i)

    for i in items:
        for c, v in zip(unzipped, i):
            c.append(v)

    return unzipped

要使用列表容器，只需运行unzip(zip)，如

unzip(zip(["a","b","c"],[1,2,3])) == (["a","b","c"],[1,2,3])

要使用deques或其他带有附加的容器，需要传递一个工厂函数。

from collections import deque

unzip([("a",1),("b",2)], deque, list) == [deque(["a","b"]),deque([1,2])]

(装饰cls和/或main_cls以微管理容器初始化，如上面最后的assert语句所简单显示的那样。)

因为它返回元组(可能会使用大量内存)，所以对我来说，zip(*zipped)技巧似乎更聪明而不是有用。

这是一个函数，它会给出zip的倒数。

def unzip(zipped):
    """Inverse of built-in zip function.
    Args:
        zipped: a list of tuples

    Returns:
        a tuple of lists

    Example:
        a = [1, 2, 3]
        b = [4, 5, 6]
        zipped = list(zip(a, b))

        assert zipped == [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]

        unzipped = unzip(zipped)

        assert unzipped == ([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])

    """

    unzipped = ()
    if len(zipped) == 0:
        return unzipped

    dim = len(zipped[0])

    for i in range(dim):
        unzipped = unzipped + ([tup[i] for tup in zipped], )

    return unzipped