正如公认的答案所说，最常用的方法是只使用一个模块。

考虑到这一点，下面是一个概念的证明:

def singleton(cls):
    obj = cls()
    # Always return the same object
    cls.__new__ = staticmethod(lambda cls: obj)
    # Disable __init__
    try:
        del cls.__init__
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    return cls

有关__new__的更多详细信息，请参阅Python数据模型。

例子:

@singleton
class Duck(object):
    pass

if Duck() is Duck():
    print "It works!"
else:
    print "It doesn't work!"

注:

为此，您必须使用new-style类(派生自object)。 单例在定义时初始化，而不是在第一次使用时初始化。 这只是一个简单的例子。我从未在产品代码中实际使用过它，也不打算这样做。

我的简单解决方案是基于函数参数的默认值。

def getSystemContext(contextObjList=[]):
    if len( contextObjList ) == 0:
        contextObjList.append( Context() )
        pass
    return contextObjList[0]

class Context(object):
    # Anything you want here

这是我自己对单例对象的实现。你所要做的就是布置课堂;为了获得单例，你必须使用Instance方法。这里有一个例子:

@Singleton
class Foo:
   def __init__(self):
       print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码:

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Also, the decorated class cannot be
    inherited from. Other than that, there are no restrictions that apply
    to the decorated class.

    To get the singleton instance, use the `instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

好吧，我知道，单胞胎可能是好的，也可能是坏的。这是我的实现，我只是扩展了一个经典的方法，在里面引入一个缓存，并产生许多不同类型的实例，或者许多相同类型的实例，但具有不同的参数。

我称它为Singleton_group，因为它将相似的实例分组在一起，并防止创建具有相同参数的相同类的对象:

# Peppelinux's cached singleton
class Singleton_group(object):
    __instances_args_dict = {}
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not cls.__instances_args_dict.get((cls.__name__, args, str(kwargs))):
            cls.__instances_args_dict[(cls.__name__, args, str(kwargs))] = super(Singleton_group, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return cls.__instances_args_dict.get((cls.__name__, args, str(kwargs)))


# It's a dummy real world use example:
class test(Singleton_group):
    def __init__(self, salute):
        self.salute = salute

a = test('bye')
b = test('hi')
c = test('bye')
d = test('hi')
e = test('goodbye')
f = test('goodbye')

id(a)
3070148780L

id(b)
3070148908L

id(c)
3070148780L

b == d
True


b._Singleton_group__instances_args_dict

{('test', ('bye',), '{}'): <__main__.test object at 0xb6fec0ac>,
 ('test', ('goodbye',), '{}'): <__main__.test object at 0xb6fec32c>,
 ('test', ('hi',), '{}'): <__main__.test object at 0xb6fec12c>}

每个对象都携带单例缓存…这可能是邪恶的，但对一些人来说很有用:)

如果你不想要上面的基于元类的解决方案，并且你不喜欢简单的基于函数装饰器的方法(例如，因为在这种情况下，单例类上的静态方法将不起作用)，这种妥协是可行的:

class singleton(object):
  """Singleton decorator."""

  def __init__(self, cls):
      self.__dict__['cls'] = cls

  instances = {}

  def __call__(self):
      if self.cls not in self.instances:
          self.instances[self.cls] = self.cls()
      return self.instances[self.cls]

  def __getattr__(self, attr):
      return getattr(self.__dict__['cls'], attr)

  def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
      return setattr(self.__dict__['cls'], attr, value)

请看来自PEP318的实现，使用装饰器实现单例模式:

def singleton(cls):
    instances = {}
    def getinstance():
        if cls not in instances:
            instances[cls] = cls()
        return instances[cls]
    return getinstance

@singleton
class MyClass:
    ...