在Python中实现单例的一个稍微不同的方法是Alex Martelli(谷歌员工和Python天才)的borg模式。

class Borg:
    __shared_state = {}
    def __init__(self):
        self.__dict__ = self.__shared_state

因此，它们共享状态，而不是强制所有实例具有相同的标识。

模块方法工作得很好。如果我绝对需要一个单例，我更喜欢元类方法。

class Singleton(type):
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
        super(Singleton, cls).__init__(name, bases, dict)
        cls.instance = None 

    def __call__(cls,*args,**kw):
        if cls.instance is None:
            cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw)
        return cls.instance

class MyClass(object):
    __metaclass__ = Singleton

有一次我用Python写了一个单例，我使用了一个类，其中所有成员函数都有classmethod装饰器。

class Foo:
    x = 1
  
    @classmethod
    def increment(cls, y=1):
        cls.x += y

这是我自己对单例对象的实现。你所要做的就是布置课堂;为了获得单例，你必须使用Instance方法。这里有一个例子:

@Singleton
class Foo:
   def __init__(self):
       print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码:

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Also, the decorated class cannot be
    inherited from. Other than that, there are no restrictions that apply
    to the decorated class.

    To get the singleton instance, use the `instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

由ActiveState提供的Python实现的单例模式。

看起来窍门是把应该只有一个实例的类放在另一个类中。

我对此非常不确定，但我的项目使用'惯例单例'(不是强制单例)，也就是说，如果我有一个名为DataController的类，我在同一个模块中定义这个:

_data_controller = None
def GetDataController():
    global _data_controller
    if _data_controller is None:
        _data_controller = DataController()
    return _data_controller

它并不优雅，因为它足足有六行。但是我所有的单例都使用这个模式，而且它至少是非常显式的(这是python的)。