Python文档涵盖了这些内容:

class Singleton(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
        it = cls.__dict__.get("__it__")
        if it is not None:
            return it
        cls.__it__ = it = object.__new__(cls)
        it.init(*args, **kwds)
        return it
    def init(self, *args, **kwds):
        pass

我可能会重写成这样:

class Singleton(object):
    """Use to create a singleton"""
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
        """
        >>> s = Singleton()
        >>> p = Singleton()
        >>> id(s) == id(p)
        True
        """
        it_id = "__it__"
        # getattr will dip into base classes, so __dict__ must be used
        it = cls.__dict__.get(it_id, None)
        if it is not None:
            return it
        it = object.__new__(cls)
        setattr(cls, it_id, it)
        it.init(*args, **kwds)
        return it

    def init(self, *args, **kwds):
        pass


class A(Singleton):
    pass


class B(Singleton):
    pass


class C(A):
    pass


assert A() is A()
assert B() is B()
assert C() is C()
assert A() is not B()
assert C() is not B()
assert C() is not A()

它应该是相对干净的扩展:

class Bus(Singleton):
    def init(self, label=None, *args, **kwds):
        self.label = label
        self.channels = [Channel("system"), Channel("app")]
        ...

如果你想继续装饰(注释)类，创建一个单例装饰器(又名注释)是一种优雅的方式。然后将@singleton放在类定义之前。

def singleton(cls):
    instances = {}
    def getinstance():
        if cls not in instances:
            instances[cls] = cls()
        return instances[cls]
    return getinstance

@singleton
class MyClass:
    ...

class Singleton(object[,...]):

    staticVar1 = None
    staticVar2 = None

    def __init__(self):
        if self.__class__.staticVar1==None :
            # create class instance variable for instantiation of class
            # assign class instance variable values to class static variables
        else:
            # assign class static variable values to class instance variables

模块方法工作得很好。如果我绝对需要一个单例，我更喜欢元类方法。

class Singleton(type):
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
        super(Singleton, cls).__init__(name, bases, dict)
        cls.instance = None 

    def __call__(cls,*args,**kw):
        if cls.instance is None:
            cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw)
        return cls.instance

class MyClass(object):
    __metaclass__ = Singleton

有一次我用Python写了一个单例，我使用了一个类，其中所有成员函数都有classmethod装饰器。

class Foo:
    x = 1
  
    @classmethod
    def increment(cls, y=1):
        cls.x += y

class Singeltone(type):
    instances = dict()

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__name__ not in Singeltone.instances:            
            Singeltone.instances[cls.__name__] = type.__call__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return Singeltone.instances[cls.__name__]


class Test(object):
    __metaclass__ = Singeltone


inst0 = Test()
inst1 = Test()
print(id(inst1) == id(inst0))