以下是Mozilla官方文档中的错误。

function NotImplementedError(message) {
    var instance = new Error(message);
    instance.name = 'NotImplementedError';

    Object.setPrototypeOf(instance, Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(instance, NotImplementedError);
    }
    return instance;
}

NotImplementedError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
    constructor: {
        value: Error,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true
    }
});

以下是我支持es2015之前版本浏览器的解决方案。它不做任何花哨的原型调整，也不会破坏调试器。

/**  Custom Errors
    // Depends on underscore js
    // This will declare an CustError() class in both 'this' and '_exports' namespaces
    // ctor is optional
    declare_cust_error(function CustError(){}, {ns: [this, _exports], ctor: 
        function cust_err_ctor(instance, clazz, name, msg, info){
            q$.called(arguments)
        }
    })

    // Usage:
    // Second param (pojso) is optional
    try {
        throw CustError.create("foo", {k1: 'v1', k2: 'v2'})
    }catch(ex){
        if(CustError.is_inst(ex)){
            console.error("its a CustError", ex)
        } else {
            throw ex
        }
    }

**/
function declare_cust_error(error_class, opts){
    var p, c, cp
    if(!error_class||!(p=error_class.prototype))throw new Error("error_class must be a Class")
    try{
        c = p.constructor; cp = c.toString()
    }catch(ex){}
    if(!cp || cp.indexOf('function ') != 0 || cp.indexOf('[native code]') > 0)
        throw new Error("error_class must be a classic proto class (pre-es6) but got: " + error_class.toString())

    opts=opts||{}
    
    error_class.__is_cust_error__ = true
    error_class.__cust_error_name__ = c.name

    error_class.create = function cust_error_create(msg, info){
        var instance = new Error(msg)
        instance.info = info
        instance.__is_cust_error__ = true
        instance.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
        if(_.isFunction(opts.ctor)){
            opts.ctor(instance, error_class, c.name, msg, info)
        }
        return instance
    }

    error_class.is_inst = function cust_error_is_inst(instanace){
        return ( (instanace instanceof Error) && instanace.__cust_error_name__ === error_class.__cust_error_name__ )
    }
    
    // Declare error in namespace(s)
    _.each(_.isArray(opts.ns)?opts.ns:[opts.ns], function(ns){ ns[c.name] = error_class })

    return error_class

}

上面的很多方法都不起作用。

最后一个是一个实际的错误。如果您使用字符串，它看起来很好，但它不会提供堆栈跟踪。如果你抛出错误，你不能有“Uncaught BadError: bad”，所以你必须删除自定义错误(遗憾的是)。如果你抛出一个对象，它看起来有点偏离，最后一个只是一个平均错误。

此方法创建一个具有自定义名称的错误，同时保留堆栈跟踪:

var errProto = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: Error, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true } }) var isFirefox = !!window.InstallTrigger // Hide stack for Firefox only, as stacks can cause problems with high "frame" counts. function createError(name, message, hideStack) { if (message == null) { message = "" } var customError = Error(message) customError.name = name Object.setPrototypeOf(customError, errProto) if (isFirefox && hideStack) { customError.stack = "" } else if (isFirefox) { var stack = customError.stack var newline = stack.indexOf("\n") + 1 stack = stack.slice(newline) customError.stack = stack var split = stack.split(":") if (split.length > 4) { var a = split[3] var b = split[4] var t = b.slice(0, b.indexOf("\n")) customError.lineNumber = Number(a) customError.columnNumber = Number(t) } } else { var stack = customError.stack var split = stack.split("\n") var secondPart = split.slice(2).join("\n") stack = split[0] + "\n" + secondPart customError.stack = stack var split = secondPart.split(":") var a = split[2] var b = split[3] } throw customError } var frame = 0 function aFunction() { if (++frame === 100) { createError("LazyError", "function getting lazy", false, true) } else { requestAnimationFrame(aFunction) } } setTimeout(aFunction, Math.random() * 500) * { font-family: Verdana; } Check your inspector!

我使用构造函数模式来创建新的错误对象。我定义了原型链，比如Error实例。请参阅MDN错误构造函数参考。

你可以查看这段关于要点的片段。

实现

// Creates user-defined exceptions
var CustomError = (function() {
  'use strict';

  //constructor
  function CustomError() {
    //enforces 'new' instance
    if (!(this instanceof CustomError)) {
      return new CustomError(arguments);
    }
    var error,
      //handles the arguments object when is passed by enforcing a 'new' instance
      args = Array.apply(null, typeof arguments[0] === 'object' ? arguments[0] : arguments),
      message = args.shift() || 'An exception has occurred';

    //builds the message with multiple arguments
    if (~message.indexOf('}')) {
      args.forEach(function(arg, i) {
        message = message.replace(RegExp('\\{' + i + '}', 'g'), arg);
      });
    }

    //gets the exception stack
    error = new Error(message);
    //access to CustomError.prototype.name
    error.name = this.name;

    //set the properties of the instance
    //in order to resemble an Error instance
    Object.defineProperties(this, {
      stack: {
        enumerable: false,
        get: function() { return error.stack; }
      },
      message: {
        enumerable: false,
        value: message
      }
    });
  }

  // Creates the prototype and prevents the direct reference to Error.prototype;
  // Not used new Error() here because an exception would be raised here,
  // but we need to raise the exception when CustomError instance is created.
  CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
    //fixes the link to the constructor (ES5)
    constructor: setDescriptor(CustomError),
    name: setDescriptor('JSU Error')
  });

  function setDescriptor(value) {
    return {
      configurable: false,
      enumerable: false,
      writable: false,
      value: value
    };
  }

  //returns the constructor
  return CustomError;
}());

使用

CustomError构造函数可以接收许多参数来构建消息，例如:

var err1 = new CustomError("The url of file is required"),
    err2 = new CustomError("Invalid Date: {0}", +"date"),
    err3 = new CustomError("The length must be greater than {0}", 4),
    err4 = new CustomError("Properties .{0} and .{1} don't exist", "p1", "p2");

throw err4;

这是自定义错误的样子:

MDN有一个很好的例子:

try {
  throw new Error('Whoops!');
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.name + ': ' + e.message);
}

这在Cesium DeveloperError中很好地实现了:

文档 源

它的简化形式是:

var NotImplementedError = function(message) {
    this.name = 'NotImplementedError';
    this.message = message;
    this.stack = (new Error()).stack;
}

// Later on...

throw new NotImplementedError();