我在这里发布了另一个答案，因为这是从不同的角度来看状态机;非常视觉。

我最初的答案是经典的命令式代码。我认为它在代码运行时非常直观，因为数组使得状态机的可视化变得简单。缺点是你必须把这些都写下来。Remos的回答减轻了编写样板代码的工作量，但远没有那么直观。还有第三种选择;画状态机。

如果您正在使用。net，并且可以将运行时版本4作为目标，那么您可以选择使用工作流的状态机活动。从本质上讲，它们允许您绘制状态机(就像Juliet的图一样)，并让WF运行时为您执行它。

有关更多细节，请参阅MSDN文章使用Windows Workflow Foundation构建状态机，以及最新版本的CodePlex站点。

这是我在瞄准。net时更喜欢的选项，因为它很容易看到、更改和向非程序员解释;俗话说，图片胜过千言万语!

您可以编写一个迭代器块，使您能够以编排的方式执行代码块。代码块是如何分解的并不一定要对应于任何东西，这只是你想要如何编码它。例如:

IEnumerable<int> CountToTen()
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("1");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("2");
    System.Console.WriteLine("3");
    System.Console.WriteLine("4");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("5");
    System.Console.WriteLine("6");
    System.Console.WriteLine("7");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("8");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("9");
    System.Console.WriteLine("10");
}

在本例中，当调用CountToTen时，还没有实际执行任何东西。您得到的实际上是一个状态机生成器，您可以为它创建一个状态机的新实例。可以通过调用GetEnumerator()来实现。生成的IEnumerator实际上是一个状态机，您可以通过调用MoveNext(…)来驱动它。

因此，在本例中，第一次调用MoveNext(…)时，您将看到“1”写入控制台，下一次调用MoveNext(…)时，您将看到2、3、4，然后是5、6、7、8，然后是9、10。正如您所看到的，这是一种编排事情应该如何发生的有用机制。

我已经构建了一个Nuget库，它实现了一个简单而强大的状态机，并可在DI中注入。你可以从这里检查Nuget - State Machine

让我们从这个简单的状态图开始:

我们有:

4种状态(非活动、活动、暂停和退出) 5种状态转换(开始命令，结束命令，暂停命令，恢复命令，退出命令)。

您可以通过几种方式将其转换为c#，例如在当前状态和命令上执行switch语句，或者在转换表中查找转换。对于这个简单的状态机，我更喜欢一个转换表，它很容易使用Dictionary表示:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Juliet
{
    public enum ProcessState
    {
        Inactive,
        Active,
        Paused,
        Terminated
    }

    public enum Command
    {
        Begin,
        End,
        Pause,
        Resume,
        Exit
    }

    public class Process
    {
        class StateTransition
        {
            readonly ProcessState CurrentState;
            readonly Command Command;

            public StateTransition(ProcessState currentState, Command command)
            {
                CurrentState = currentState;
                Command = command;
            }

            public override int GetHashCode()
            {
                return 17 + 31 * CurrentState.GetHashCode() + 31 * Command.GetHashCode();
            }

            public override bool Equals(object obj)
            {
                StateTransition other = obj as StateTransition;
                return other != null && this.CurrentState == other.CurrentState && this.Command == other.Command;
            }
        }

        Dictionary<StateTransition, ProcessState> transitions;
        public ProcessState CurrentState { get; private set; }

        public Process()
        {
            CurrentState = ProcessState.Inactive;
            transitions = new Dictionary<StateTransition, ProcessState>
            {
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Inactive, Command.Exit), ProcessState.Terminated },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Inactive, Command.Begin), ProcessState.Active },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Active, Command.End), ProcessState.Inactive },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Active, Command.Pause), ProcessState.Paused },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Paused, Command.End), ProcessState.Inactive },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Paused, Command.Resume), ProcessState.Active }
            };
        }

        public ProcessState GetNext(Command command)
        {
            StateTransition transition = new StateTransition(CurrentState, command);
            ProcessState nextState;
            if (!transitions.TryGetValue(transition, out nextState))
                throw new Exception("Invalid transition: " + CurrentState + " -> " + command);
            return nextState;
        }

        public ProcessState MoveNext(Command command)
        {
            CurrentState = GetNext(command);
            return CurrentState;
        }
    }


    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Process p = new Process();
            Console.WriteLine("Current State = " + p.CurrentState);
            Console.WriteLine("Command.Begin: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.Begin));
            Console.WriteLine("Command.Pause: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.Pause));
            Console.WriteLine("Command.End: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.End));
            Console.WriteLine("Command.Exit: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.Exit));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

根据个人喜好，我喜欢用GetNext函数来确定地返回下一个状态，用MoveNext函数来改变状态机。

我刚刚贡献了这个:

https://code.google.com/p/ysharp/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2FStateMachinesPoC

下面是演示直接和间接发送命令的例子之一，状态为IObserver(信号)，因此响应者对信号源IObservable(信号):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Test
{
    using Machines;

    public static class WatchingTvSampleAdvanced
    {
        // Enum type for the transition triggers (instead of System.String) :
        public enum TvOperation { Plug, SwitchOn, SwitchOff, Unplug, Dispose }

        // The state machine class type is also used as the type for its possible states constants :
        public class Television : NamedState<Television, TvOperation, DateTime>
        {
            // Declare all the possible states constants :
            public static readonly Television Unplugged = new Television("(Unplugged TV)");
            public static readonly Television Off = new Television("(TV Off)");
            public static readonly Television On = new Television("(TV On)");
            public static readonly Television Disposed = new Television("(Disposed TV)");

            // For convenience, enter the default start state when the parameterless constructor executes :
            public Television() : this(Television.Unplugged) { }

            // To create a state machine instance, with a given start state :
            private Television(Television value) : this(null, value) { }

            // To create a possible state constant :
            private Television(string moniker) : this(moniker, null) { }

            private Television(string moniker, Television value)
            {
                if (moniker == null)
                {
                    // Build the state graph programmatically
                    // (instead of declaratively via custom attributes) :
                    Handler<Television, TvOperation, DateTime> stateChangeHandler = StateChange;
                    Build
                    (
                        new[]
                        {
                            new { From = Television.Unplugged, When = TvOperation.Plug, Goto = Television.Off, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.Unplugged, When = TvOperation.Dispose, Goto = Television.Disposed, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.Off, When = TvOperation.SwitchOn, Goto = Television.On, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.Off, When = TvOperation.Unplug, Goto = Television.Unplugged, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.Off, When = TvOperation.Dispose, Goto = Television.Disposed, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.On, When = TvOperation.SwitchOff, Goto = Television.Off, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.On, When = TvOperation.Unplug, Goto = Television.Unplugged, With = stateChangeHandler },
                            new { From = Television.On, When = TvOperation.Dispose, Goto = Television.Disposed, With = stateChangeHandler }
                        },
                        false
                    );
                }
                else
                    // Name the state constant :
                    Moniker = moniker;
                Start(value ?? this);
            }

            // Because the states' value domain is a reference type, disallow the null value for any start state value : 
            protected override void OnStart(Television value)
            {
                if (value == null)
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("value", "cannot be null");
            }

            // When reaching a final state, unsubscribe from all the signal source(s), if any :
            protected override void OnComplete(bool stateComplete)
            {
                // Holds during all transitions into a final state
                // (i.e., stateComplete implies IsFinal) :
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(!stateComplete || IsFinal);

                if (stateComplete)
                    UnsubscribeFromAll();
            }

            // Executed before and after every state transition :
            private void StateChange(IState<Television> state, ExecutionStep step, Television value, TvOperation info, DateTime args)
            {
                // Holds during all possible transitions defined in the state graph
                // (i.e., (step equals ExecutionStep.LeaveState) implies (not state.IsFinal))
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert((step != ExecutionStep.LeaveState) || !state.IsFinal);

                // Holds in instance (i.e., non-static) transition handlers like this one :
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(this == state);

                switch (step)
                {
                    case ExecutionStep.LeaveState:
                        var timeStamp = ((args != default(DateTime)) ? String.Format("\t\t(@ {0})", args) : String.Empty);
                        Console.WriteLine();
                        // 'value' is the state value that we are transitioning TO :
                        Console.WriteLine("\tLeave :\t{0} -- {1} -> {2}{3}", this, info, value, timeStamp);
                        break;
                    case ExecutionStep.EnterState:
                        // 'value' is the state value that we have transitioned FROM :
                        Console.WriteLine("\tEnter :\t{0} -- {1} -> {2}", value, info, this);
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }

            public override string ToString() { return (IsConstant ? Moniker : Value.ToString()); }
        }

        public static void Run()
        {
            Console.Clear();

            // Create a signal source instance (here, a.k.a. "remote control") that implements
            // IObservable<TvOperation> and IObservable<KeyValuePair<TvOperation, DateTime>> :
            var remote = new SignalSource<TvOperation, DateTime>();

            // Create a television state machine instance (automatically set in a default start state),
            // and make it subscribe to a compatible signal source, such as the remote control, precisely :
            var tv = new Television().Using(remote);
            bool done;

            // Always holds, assuming the call to Using(...) didn't throw an exception (in case of subscription failure) :
            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(tv != null, "There's a bug somewhere: this message should never be displayed!");

            // As commonly done, we can trigger a transition directly on the state machine :
            tv.MoveNext(TvOperation.Plug, DateTime.Now);

            // Alternatively, we can also trigger transitions by emitting from the signal source / remote control
            // that the state machine subscribed to / is an observer of :
            remote.Emit(TvOperation.SwitchOn, DateTime.Now);
            remote.Emit(TvOperation.SwitchOff);
            remote.Emit(TvOperation.SwitchOn);
            remote.Emit(TvOperation.SwitchOff, DateTime.Now);

            done =
                (
                    tv.
                        MoveNext(TvOperation.Unplug).
                        MoveNext(TvOperation.Dispose) // MoveNext(...) returns null iff tv.IsFinal == true
                    == null
                );

            remote.Emit(TvOperation.Unplug); // Ignored by the state machine thanks to the OnComplete(...) override above

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Is the TV's state '{0}' a final state? {1}", tv.Value, done);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key...");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

注意:这个例子是相当人工的，主要是为了演示一些正交的特征。应该很少有真正需要通过一个完整的类来实现状态值域本身，使用CRTP(参见:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring_template_pattern)。

下面是一个当然更简单，可能更常见的实现用例(使用一个简单的枚举类型作为状态值域)，用于相同的状态机，并使用相同的测试用例:

https://code.google.com/p/ysharp/source/browse/trunk/StateMachinesPoC/WatchingTVSample.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Test
{
    using Machines;

    public static class WatchingTvSample
    {
        public enum Status { Unplugged, Off, On, Disposed }

        public class DeviceTransitionAttribute : TransitionAttribute
        {
            public Status From { get; set; }
            public string When { get; set; }
            public Status Goto { get; set; }
            public object With { get; set; }
        }

        // State<Status> is a shortcut for / derived from State<Status, string>,
        // which in turn is a shortcut for / derived from State<Status, string, object> :
        public class Device : State<Status>
        {
            // Executed before and after every state transition :
            protected override void OnChange(ExecutionStep step, Status value, string info, object args)
            {
                if (step == ExecutionStep.EnterState)
                {
                    // 'value' is the state value that we have transitioned FROM :
                    Console.WriteLine("\t{0} -- {1} -> {2}", value, info, this);
                }
            }

            public override string ToString() { return Value.ToString(); }
        }

        // Since 'Device' has no state graph of its own, define one for derived 'Television' :
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.Unplugged, When = "Plug", Goto = Status.Off)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.Unplugged, When = "Dispose", Goto = Status.Disposed)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.Off, When = "Switch On", Goto = Status.On)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.Off, When = "Unplug", Goto = Status.Unplugged)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.Off, When = "Dispose", Goto = Status.Disposed)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.On, When = "Switch Off", Goto = Status.Off)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.On, When = "Unplug", Goto = Status.Unplugged)]
        [DeviceTransition(From = Status.On, When = "Dispose", Goto = Status.Disposed)]
        public class Television : Device { }

        public static void Run()
        {
            Console.Clear();

            // Create a television state machine instance, and return it, set in some start state :
            var tv = new Television().Start(Status.Unplugged);
            bool done;

            // Holds iff the chosen start state isn't a final state :
            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(tv != null, "The chosen start state is a final state!");

            // Trigger some state transitions with no arguments
            // ('args' is ignored by this state machine's OnChange(...), anyway) :
            done =
                (
                    tv.
                        MoveNext("Plug").
                        MoveNext("Switch On").
                        MoveNext("Switch Off").
                        MoveNext("Switch On").
                        MoveNext("Switch Off").
                        MoveNext("Unplug").
                        MoveNext("Dispose") // MoveNext(...) returns null iff tv.IsFinal == true
                    == null
                );

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Is the TV's state '{0}' a final state? {1}", tv.Value, done);

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key...");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

'HTH

其他替代在此回购https://github.com/lingkodsoft/StateBliss 使用流畅的语法，支持触发器。

    public class BasicTests
    {
        [Fact]
        public void Tests()
        {
            // Arrange
            StateMachineManager.Register(new [] { typeof(BasicTests).Assembly }); //Register at bootstrap of your application, i.e. Startup
            var currentState = AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated;
            var nextState = AuthenticationState.Authenticated;
            var data = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            // Act
            var changeInfo = StateMachineManager.Trigger(currentState, nextState, data);

            // Assert
            Assert.True(changeInfo.StateChangedSucceeded);
            Assert.Equal("ChangingHandler1", changeInfo.Data["key1"]);
            Assert.Equal("ChangingHandler2", changeInfo.Data["key2"]);
        }

        //this class gets regitered automatically by calling StateMachineManager.Register
        public class AuthenticationStateDefinition : StateDefinition<AuthenticationState>
        {
            public override void Define(IStateFromBuilder<AuthenticationState> builder)
            {
                builder.From(AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated).To(AuthenticationState.Authenticated)
                    .Changing(this, a => a.ChangingHandler1)
                    .Changed(this, a => a.ChangedHandler1);

                builder.OnEntering(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEnteringHandler1);
                builder.OnEntered(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEnteredHandler1);

                builder.OnExiting(AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated, this, a => a.OnExitingHandler1);
                builder.OnExited(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnExitedHandler1);

                builder.OnEditing(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEditingHandler1);
                builder.OnEdited(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEditedHandler1);

                builder.ThrowExceptionWhenDiscontinued = true;
            }

            private void ChangingHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
                var data = changeinfo.DataAs<Dictionary<string, object>>();
                data["key1"] = "ChangingHandler1";
            }

            private void OnEnteringHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
                // changeinfo.Continue = false; //this will prevent changing the state
            }

            private void OnEditedHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {                
            }

            private void OnExitedHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {                
            }

            private void OnEnteredHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {                
            }

            private void OnEditingHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
            }

            private void OnExitingHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
            }

            private void ChangedHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
            }
        }

        public class AnotherAuthenticationStateDefinition : StateDefinition<AuthenticationState>
        {
            public override void Define(IStateFromBuilder<AuthenticationState> builder)
            {
                builder.From(AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated).To(AuthenticationState.Authenticated)
                    .Changing(this, a => a.ChangingHandler2);

            }

            private void ChangingHandler2(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
                var data = changeinfo.DataAs<Dictionary<string, object>>();
                data["key2"] = "ChangingHandler2";
            }
        }
    }

    public enum AuthenticationState
    {
        Unauthenticated,
        Authenticated
    }
}