记住状态机是一种抽象是很有用的，创建状态机不需要特定的工具，但是工具是有用的。

例如，你可以用函数实现一个状态机:

void Hunt(IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    if (gulls.Empty())
       return;

    var target = gulls.First();
    TargetAcquired(target, gulls);
}

void TargetAcquired(Gull target, IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    var balloon = new WaterBalloon(weightKg: 20);

    this.Cannon.Fire(balloon);

    if (balloon.Hit)
    {
       TargetHit(target, gulls);
    }
    else
       TargetMissed(target, gulls);
}

void TargetHit(Gull target, IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Suck on it {0}!", target.Name);
    Hunt(gulls);
}

void TargetMissed(Gull target, IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    Console.WriteLine("I'll get ya!");
    TargetAcquired(target, gulls);
}

这台机器会捕捉海鸥，并试图用水球击中它们。如果它没有命中，它将尝试发射一个直到命中为止(可以有一些现实的期望;))，否则它将在控制台幸灾乐祸。它继续捕猎，直到没有海鸥可以骚扰为止。

每个函数对应于每个状态;没有显示开始和结束(或接受)状态。其中的状态可能比函数所模拟的要多。例如，在发射气球后，机器实际上处于与之前不同的状态，但我认为这种区分是不切实际的。

常用的方法是使用类来表示状态，然后以不同的方式将它们连接起来。

我用朱莉叶的代码做了这个通用状态机。这对我来说非常有效。

以下是好处:

你可以用两个枚举TState和TCommand在代码中创建新的状态机， 增加了struct TransitionResult<TState>以更好地控制[Try]GetNext()方法的输出结果 只通过AddTransition(TState, TCommand, TState)暴露嵌套类StateTransition，使其更容易使用

代码:

public class StateMachine<TState, TCommand>
    where TState : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
    where TCommand : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
{
    protected class StateTransition<TS, TC>
        where TS : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
        where TC : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
    {
        readonly TS CurrentState;
        readonly TC Command;

        public StateTransition(TS currentState, TC command)
        {
            if (!typeof(TS).IsEnum || !typeof(TC).IsEnum)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("TS,TC must be an enumerated type");
            }

            CurrentState = currentState;
            Command = command;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return 17 + 31 * CurrentState.GetHashCode() + 31 * Command.GetHashCode();
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            StateTransition<TS, TC> other = obj as StateTransition<TS, TC>;
            return other != null
                && this.CurrentState.CompareTo(other.CurrentState) == 0
                && this.Command.CompareTo(other.Command) == 0;
        }
    }

    private Dictionary<StateTransition<TState, TCommand>, TState> transitions;
    public TState CurrentState { get; private set; }

    protected StateMachine(TState initialState)
    {
        if (!typeof(TState).IsEnum || !typeof(TCommand).IsEnum)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("TState,TCommand must be an enumerated type");
        }

        CurrentState = initialState;
        transitions = new Dictionary<StateTransition<TState, TCommand>, TState>();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Defines a new transition inside this state machine
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="start">source state</param>
    /// <param name="command">transition condition</param>
    /// <param name="end">destination state</param>
    protected void AddTransition(TState start, TCommand command, TState end)
    {
        transitions.Add(new StateTransition<TState, TCommand>(start, command), end);
    }

    public TransitionResult<TState> TryGetNext(TCommand command)
    {
        StateTransition<TState, TCommand> transition = new StateTransition<TState, TCommand>(CurrentState, command);
        TState nextState;
        if (transitions.TryGetValue(transition, out nextState))
            return new TransitionResult<TState>(nextState, true);
        else
            return new TransitionResult<TState>(CurrentState, false);
    }

    public TransitionResult<TState> MoveNext(TCommand command)
    {
        var result = TryGetNext(command);
        if(result.IsValid)
        {
            //changes state
            CurrentState = result.NewState;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

这是TryGetNext方法的返回类型:

public struct TransitionResult<TState>
{
    public TransitionResult(TState newState, bool isValid)
    {
        NewState = newState;
        IsValid = isValid;
    }
    public TState NewState;
    public bool IsValid;
}

使用方法:

这是你如何从泛型类创建一个OnlineDiscountStateMachine:

为其状态定义一个enum OnlineDiscountState，为其命令定义一个enum OnlineDiscountCommand。

使用这两个枚举定义从泛型类派生的类OnlineDiscountStateMachine

从base(OnlineDiscountState. initialstate)派生构造函数，以便初始状态被设置为OnlineDiscountState。InitialState

根据需要多次使用AddTransition

public class OnlineDiscountStateMachine : StateMachine<OnlineDiscountState, OnlineDiscountCommand>
{
    public OnlineDiscountStateMachine() : base(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected)
    {
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect, OnlineDiscountState.Connected);
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect, OnlineDiscountState.Error_AuthenticationError);
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Connected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Submit, OnlineDiscountState.WaitingForResponse);
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.WaitingForResponse, OnlineDiscountCommand.DataReceived, OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected);
    }
}

使用派生状态机

    odsm = new OnlineDiscountStateMachine();
    public void Connect()
    {
        var result = odsm.TryGetNext(OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect);

        //is result valid?
        if (!result.IsValid)
            //if this happens you need to add transitions to the state machine
            //in this case result.NewState is the same as before
            Console.WriteLine("cannot navigate from this state using OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect");

        //the transition was successfull
        //show messages for new states
        else if(result.NewState == OnlineDiscountState.Error_AuthenticationError)
            Console.WriteLine("invalid user/pass");
        else if(result.NewState == OnlineDiscountState.Connected)
            Console.WriteLine("Connected");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("not implemented transition result for " + result.NewState);
    }

finitestatemmachine是一个简单的状态机，用c# Link编写

使用我的库finitestatemmachine的优点:

定义一个“context”类，向外界呈现一个单独的接口。 定义一个State抽象基类。 将状态机的不同“状态”表示为state基类的派生类。 在适当的State派生类中定义特定于状态的行为。 在“context”类中维护一个指向当前“state”的指针。 要更改状态机的状态，请更改当前的“state”指针。

下载DLL下载

LINQPad上的示例:

void Main()
{
            var machine = new SFM.Machine(new StatePaused());
            var output = machine.Command("Input_Start", Command.Start);
            Console.WriteLine(Command.Start.ToString() + "->  State: " + machine.Current);
            Console.WriteLine(output);

            output = machine.Command("Input_Pause", Command.Pause);
            Console.WriteLine(Command.Pause.ToString() + "->  State: " + machine.Current);
            Console.WriteLine(output);
            Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------");
}
    public enum Command
    {
        Start,
        Pause,
    }

    public class StateActive : SFM.State
    {

        public override void Handle(SFM.IContext context)

        {
            //Gestione parametri
            var input = (String)context.Input;
            context.Output = input;

            //Gestione Navigazione
            if ((Command)context.Command == Command.Pause) context.Next = new StatePaused();
            if ((Command)context.Command == Command.Start) context.Next = this;

        }
    }


public class StatePaused : SFM.State
{

     public override void Handle(SFM.IContext context)

     {

         //Gestione parametri
         var input = (String)context.Input;
         context.Output = input;

         //Gestione Navigazione
         if ((Command)context.Command == Command.Start) context.Next = new  StateActive();
         if ((Command)context.Command == Command.Pause) context.Next = this;


     }

 }

让我们从这个简单的状态图开始:

我们有:

4种状态(非活动、活动、暂停和退出) 5种状态转换(开始命令，结束命令，暂停命令，恢复命令，退出命令)。

您可以通过几种方式将其转换为c#，例如在当前状态和命令上执行switch语句，或者在转换表中查找转换。对于这个简单的状态机，我更喜欢一个转换表，它很容易使用Dictionary表示:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Juliet
{
    public enum ProcessState
    {
        Inactive,
        Active,
        Paused,
        Terminated
    }

    public enum Command
    {
        Begin,
        End,
        Pause,
        Resume,
        Exit
    }

    public class Process
    {
        class StateTransition
        {
            readonly ProcessState CurrentState;
            readonly Command Command;

            public StateTransition(ProcessState currentState, Command command)
            {
                CurrentState = currentState;
                Command = command;
            }

            public override int GetHashCode()
            {
                return 17 + 31 * CurrentState.GetHashCode() + 31 * Command.GetHashCode();
            }

            public override bool Equals(object obj)
            {
                StateTransition other = obj as StateTransition;
                return other != null && this.CurrentState == other.CurrentState && this.Command == other.Command;
            }
        }

        Dictionary<StateTransition, ProcessState> transitions;
        public ProcessState CurrentState { get; private set; }

        public Process()
        {
            CurrentState = ProcessState.Inactive;
            transitions = new Dictionary<StateTransition, ProcessState>
            {
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Inactive, Command.Exit), ProcessState.Terminated },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Inactive, Command.Begin), ProcessState.Active },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Active, Command.End), ProcessState.Inactive },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Active, Command.Pause), ProcessState.Paused },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Paused, Command.End), ProcessState.Inactive },
                { new StateTransition(ProcessState.Paused, Command.Resume), ProcessState.Active }
            };
        }

        public ProcessState GetNext(Command command)
        {
            StateTransition transition = new StateTransition(CurrentState, command);
            ProcessState nextState;
            if (!transitions.TryGetValue(transition, out nextState))
                throw new Exception("Invalid transition: " + CurrentState + " -> " + command);
            return nextState;
        }

        public ProcessState MoveNext(Command command)
        {
            CurrentState = GetNext(command);
            return CurrentState;
        }
    }


    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Process p = new Process();
            Console.WriteLine("Current State = " + p.CurrentState);
            Console.WriteLine("Command.Begin: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.Begin));
            Console.WriteLine("Command.Pause: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.Pause));
            Console.WriteLine("Command.End: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.End));
            Console.WriteLine("Command.Exit: Current State = " + p.MoveNext(Command.Exit));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

根据个人喜好，我喜欢用GetNext函数来确定地返回下一个状态，用MoveNext函数来改变状态机。

您可能希望使用现有的开源有限状态机之一。例如，在http://code.google.com/p/bbvcommon/wiki/StateMachine找到的bbv.Common.StateMachine。它具有非常直观流畅的语法和许多特性，如进入/退出操作、转换操作、保护、分层、被动实现(在调用者的线程上执行)和主动实现(fsm运行在自己的线程上，事件被添加到队列中)。

以Juliets为例，状态机的定义非常简单:

var fsm = new PassiveStateMachine<ProcessState, Command>();
fsm.In(ProcessState.Inactive)
   .On(Command.Exit).Goto(ProcessState.Terminated).Execute(SomeTransitionAction)
   .On(Command.Begin).Goto(ProcessState.Active);
fsm.In(ProcessState.Active)
   .ExecuteOnEntry(SomeEntryAction)
   .ExecuteOnExit(SomeExitAction)
   .On(Command.End).Goto(ProcessState.Inactive)
   .On(Command.Pause).Goto(ProcessState.Paused);
fsm.In(ProcessState.Paused)
   .On(Command.End).Goto(ProcessState.Inactive).OnlyIf(SomeGuard)
   .On(Command.Resume).Goto(ProcessState.Active);
fsm.Initialize(ProcessState.Inactive);
fsm.Start();

fsm.Fire(Command.Begin);

更新:项目位置已移动到:https://github.com/appccelerate/statemachine

关于stateppattern。这符合你的需要吗?

我认为这与上下文有关，但值得一试。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_pattern

这让你的状态决定去哪里，而不是“对象”类。

布鲁诺