这里有些无耻的自我宣传，但在不久前，我创建了一个名为YieldMachine的库，它允许以非常干净和简单的方式描述一个有限复杂性的状态机。例如，考虑一盏灯:

注意，这个状态机有2个触发器和3个状态。在YieldMachine代码中，我们为所有与状态相关的行为编写了一个方法，在这个方法中，我们对每个状态都使用goto，这是一种可怕的暴行。触发器变成Action类型的属性或字段，用一个称为trigger的属性进行修饰。我在下面注释了第一个状态及其转换的代码;接下来的状态遵循相同的模式。

public class Lamp : StateMachine
{
    // Triggers (or events, or actions, whatever) that our
    // state machine understands.
    [Trigger]
    public readonly Action PressSwitch;

    [Trigger]
    public readonly Action GotError;

    // Actual state machine logic
    protected override IEnumerable WalkStates()
    {
    off:                                       
        Console.WriteLine("off.");
        yield return null;

        if (Trigger == PressSwitch) goto on;
        InvalidTrigger();

    on:
        Console.WriteLine("*shiiine!*");
        yield return null;

        if (Trigger == GotError) goto error;
        if (Trigger == PressSwitch) goto off;
        InvalidTrigger();

    error:
        Console.WriteLine("-err-");
        yield return null;

        if (Trigger == PressSwitch) goto off;
        InvalidTrigger();
    }
}

又短又好，嗯!

这个状态机通过发送触发器来控制:

var sm = new Lamp();
sm.PressSwitch(); //go on
sm.PressSwitch(); //go off

sm.PressSwitch(); //go on
sm.GotError();    //get error
sm.PressSwitch(); //go off

为了澄清，我在第一个状态中添加了一些注释，以帮助您理解如何使用它。

    protected override IEnumerable WalkStates()
    {
    off:                                       // Each goto label is a state

        Console.WriteLine("off.");             // State entry actions

        yield return null;                     // This means "Wait until a 
                                               // trigger is called"

                                               // Ah, we got triggered! 
                                               //   perform state exit actions 
                                               //   (none, in this case)

        if (Trigger == PressSwitch) goto on;   // Transitions go here: 
                                               // depending on the trigger 
                                               // that was called, go to
                                               // the right state

        InvalidTrigger();                      // Throw exception on 
                                               // invalid trigger

        ...

这是因为c#编译器实际上在内部为每个使用yield return的方法创建了一个状态机。这个构造通常用于惰性地创建数据序列，但在这种情况下，我们实际上对返回的序列并不感兴趣(反正都是null)，而是对在底层创建的状态行为感兴趣。

StateMachine基类对构造进行一些反射，将代码分配给每个[Trigger]操作，该操作设置Trigger成员并向前移动状态机。

但是你不需要真正理解它的内部原理就能使用它。

不确定我是否错过了重点，但我认为这里没有一个答案是“简单的”状态机。我通常所说的简单状态机是使用一个内部有开关的循环。这就是我们在PLC /微芯片编程或C/ c++编程中使用的方法。

优点:

容易写。不需要特殊的物品和东西。你甚至不需要面向对象。 当它很小的时候，很容易理解。

缺点:

当有很多状态时，可能会变得相当大，很难阅读。

它是这样的:

public enum State
{
    First,
    Second,
    Third,
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var state = State.First;
    // x and i are just examples for stuff that you could change inside the state and use for state transitions
    var x     = 0; 
    var i     = 0;

    // does not have to be a while loop. you could loop over the characters of a string too
    while (true)  
    {
        switch (state)
        {
            case State.First:
                // Do sth here
                if (x == 2)
                    state = State.Second;  
                    // you may or may not add a break; right after setting the next state
                // or do sth here
                if (i == 3)
                    state = State.Third;
                // or here
                break;
            case State.Second:
                // Do sth here
                if (x == 10)
                    state = State.First;
                // or do sth here
                break;
            case State.Third:
                // Do sth here
                if (x == 10)
                    state = State.First;
                // or do sth here
                break;
            default:
                // you may wanna throw an exception here.
                break;
        }
    }
}

如果它真的应该是一个状态机，你调用的方法会根据你所处的状态做出不同的反应:状态设计模式是更好的方法

在网上找到了这个很棒的教程，它帮助我理解了有限状态机。

http://gamedevelopment.tutsplus.com/tutorials/finite-state-machines-theory-and-implementation--gamedev-11867

本教程是语言无关的，所以它可以很容易地适应您的c#需求。

而且，所使用的例子(一只蚂蚁寻找食物)很容易理解。

来自教程:

public class FSM {
    private var activeState :Function; // points to the currently active state function

    public function FSM() {
    }

    public function setState(state :Function) :void {
        activeState = state;
    }

    public function update() :void {
        if (activeState != null) {
            activeState();
        }
    }
}


public class Ant
{
    public var position   :Vector3D;
    public var velocity   :Vector3D;
    public var brain      :FSM;

    public function Ant(posX :Number, posY :Number) {
        position    = new Vector3D(posX, posY);
        velocity    = new Vector3D( -1, -1);
        brain       = new FSM();

        // Tell the brain to start looking for the leaf.
        brain.setState(findLeaf);
    }

    /**
    * The "findLeaf" state.
    * It makes the ant move towards the leaf.
    */
    public function findLeaf() :void {
        // Move the ant towards the leaf.
        velocity = new Vector3D(Game.instance.leaf.x - position.x, Game.instance.leaf.y - position.y);

        if (distance(Game.instance.leaf, this) <= 10) {
            // The ant is extremelly close to the leaf, it's time
            // to go home.
            brain.setState(goHome);
        }

        if (distance(Game.mouse, this) <= MOUSE_THREAT_RADIUS) {
            // Mouse cursor is threatening us. Let's run away!
            // It will make the brain start calling runAway() from
            // now on.
            brain.setState(runAway);
        }
    }

    /**
    * The "goHome" state.
    * It makes the ant move towards its home.
    */
    public function goHome() :void {
        // Move the ant towards home
        velocity = new Vector3D(Game.instance.home.x - position.x, Game.instance.home.y - position.y);

        if (distance(Game.instance.home, this) <= 10) {
            // The ant is home, let's find the leaf again.
            brain.setState(findLeaf);
        }
    }

    /**
    * The "runAway" state.
    * It makes the ant run away from the mouse cursor.
    */
    public function runAway() :void {
        // Move the ant away from the mouse cursor
        velocity = new Vector3D(position.x - Game.mouse.x, position.y - Game.mouse.y);

        // Is the mouse cursor still close?
        if (distance(Game.mouse, this) > MOUSE_THREAT_RADIUS) {
            // No, the mouse cursor has gone away. Let's go back looking for the leaf.
            brain.setState(findLeaf);
        }
    }

    public function update():void {
        // Update the FSM controlling the "brain". It will invoke the currently
        // active state function: findLeaf(), goHome() or runAway().
        brain.update();

        // Apply the velocity vector to the position, making the ant move.
        moveBasedOnVelocity();
    }

    (...)
}

下面是一个非常经典的有限状态机的例子，它模拟了一个非常简化的电子设备(比如电视)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace fsm
{
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var fsm = new FiniteStateMachine();
        Console.WriteLine(fsm.State);
        fsm.ProcessEvent(FiniteStateMachine.Events.PlugIn);
        Console.WriteLine(fsm.State);
        fsm.ProcessEvent(FiniteStateMachine.Events.TurnOn);
        Console.WriteLine(fsm.State);
        fsm.ProcessEvent(FiniteStateMachine.Events.TurnOff);
        Console.WriteLine(fsm.State);
        fsm.ProcessEvent(FiniteStateMachine.Events.TurnOn);
        Console.WriteLine(fsm.State);
        fsm.ProcessEvent(FiniteStateMachine.Events.RemovePower);
        Console.WriteLine(fsm.State);
        Console.ReadKey();
    }

    class FiniteStateMachine
    {
        public enum States { Start, Standby, On };
        public States State { get; set; }

        public enum Events { PlugIn, TurnOn, TurnOff, RemovePower };

        private Action[,] fsm;

        public FiniteStateMachine()
        {
            this.fsm = new Action[3, 4] { 
                //PlugIn,       TurnOn,                 TurnOff,            RemovePower
                {this.PowerOn,  null,                   null,               null},              //start
                {null,          this.StandbyWhenOff,    null,               this.PowerOff},     //standby
                {null,          null,                   this.StandbyWhenOn, this.PowerOff} };   //on
        }
        public void ProcessEvent(Events theEvent)
        {
            this.fsm[(int)this.State, (int)theEvent].Invoke();
        }

        private void PowerOn() { this.State = States.Standby; }
        private void PowerOff() { this.State = States.Start; }
        private void StandbyWhenOn() { this.State = States.Standby; }
        private void StandbyWhenOff() { this.State = States.On; }
    }
}
}

记住状态机是一种抽象是很有用的，创建状态机不需要特定的工具，但是工具是有用的。

例如，你可以用函数实现一个状态机:

void Hunt(IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    if (gulls.Empty())
       return;

    var target = gulls.First();
    TargetAcquired(target, gulls);
}

void TargetAcquired(Gull target, IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    var balloon = new WaterBalloon(weightKg: 20);

    this.Cannon.Fire(balloon);

    if (balloon.Hit)
    {
       TargetHit(target, gulls);
    }
    else
       TargetMissed(target, gulls);
}

void TargetHit(Gull target, IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Suck on it {0}!", target.Name);
    Hunt(gulls);
}

void TargetMissed(Gull target, IList<Gull> gulls)
{
    Console.WriteLine("I'll get ya!");
    TargetAcquired(target, gulls);
}

这台机器会捕捉海鸥，并试图用水球击中它们。如果它没有命中，它将尝试发射一个直到命中为止(可以有一些现实的期望;))，否则它将在控制台幸灾乐祸。它继续捕猎，直到没有海鸥可以骚扰为止。

每个函数对应于每个状态;没有显示开始和结束(或接受)状态。其中的状态可能比函数所模拟的要多。例如，在发射气球后，机器实际上处于与之前不同的状态，但我认为这种区分是不切实际的。

常用的方法是使用类来表示状态，然后以不同的方式将它们连接起来。

其他替代在此回购https://github.com/lingkodsoft/StateBliss 使用流畅的语法，支持触发器。

    public class BasicTests
    {
        [Fact]
        public void Tests()
        {
            // Arrange
            StateMachineManager.Register(new [] { typeof(BasicTests).Assembly }); //Register at bootstrap of your application, i.e. Startup
            var currentState = AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated;
            var nextState = AuthenticationState.Authenticated;
            var data = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            // Act
            var changeInfo = StateMachineManager.Trigger(currentState, nextState, data);

            // Assert
            Assert.True(changeInfo.StateChangedSucceeded);
            Assert.Equal("ChangingHandler1", changeInfo.Data["key1"]);
            Assert.Equal("ChangingHandler2", changeInfo.Data["key2"]);
        }

        //this class gets regitered automatically by calling StateMachineManager.Register
        public class AuthenticationStateDefinition : StateDefinition<AuthenticationState>
        {
            public override void Define(IStateFromBuilder<AuthenticationState> builder)
            {
                builder.From(AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated).To(AuthenticationState.Authenticated)
                    .Changing(this, a => a.ChangingHandler1)
                    .Changed(this, a => a.ChangedHandler1);

                builder.OnEntering(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEnteringHandler1);
                builder.OnEntered(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEnteredHandler1);

                builder.OnExiting(AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated, this, a => a.OnExitingHandler1);
                builder.OnExited(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnExitedHandler1);

                builder.OnEditing(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEditingHandler1);
                builder.OnEdited(AuthenticationState.Authenticated, this, a => a.OnEditedHandler1);

                builder.ThrowExceptionWhenDiscontinued = true;
            }

            private void ChangingHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
                var data = changeinfo.DataAs<Dictionary<string, object>>();
                data["key1"] = "ChangingHandler1";
            }

            private void OnEnteringHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
                // changeinfo.Continue = false; //this will prevent changing the state
            }

            private void OnEditedHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {                
            }

            private void OnExitedHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {                
            }

            private void OnEnteredHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {                
            }

            private void OnEditingHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
            }

            private void OnExitingHandler1(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
            }

            private void ChangedHandler1(StateChangeInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
            }
        }

        public class AnotherAuthenticationStateDefinition : StateDefinition<AuthenticationState>
        {
            public override void Define(IStateFromBuilder<AuthenticationState> builder)
            {
                builder.From(AuthenticationState.Unauthenticated).To(AuthenticationState.Authenticated)
                    .Changing(this, a => a.ChangingHandler2);

            }

            private void ChangingHandler2(StateChangeGuardInfo<AuthenticationState> changeinfo)
            {
                var data = changeinfo.DataAs<Dictionary<string, object>>();
                data["key2"] = "ChangingHandler2";
            }
        }
    }

    public enum AuthenticationState
    {
        Unauthenticated,
        Authenticated
    }
}