A closure aims to simplify functional thinking, and it allows the runtime to manage state, releasing extra complexity for the developer. A closure is a first-class function with free variables that are bound in the lexical environment. Behind these buzzwords hides a simple concept: closures are a more convenient way to give functions access to local state and to pass data into background operations. They are special functions that carry an implicit binding to all the nonlocal variables (also called free variables or up-values) referenced. Moreover, a closure allows a function to access one or more nonlocal variables even when invoked outside its immediate lexical scope, and the body of this special function can transport these free variables as a single entity, defined in its enclosing scope. More importantly, a closure encapsulates behavior and passes it around like any other object, granting access to the context in which the closure was created, reading, and updating these values.

下面是我从JavaScript中类似的代码创建的c#人为示例:

public delegate T Iterator<T>() where T : class;

public Iterator<T> CreateIterator<T>(IList<T> x) where T : class
{
    var i = 0; 
    return delegate { return (i < x.Count) ? x[i++] : null; };
}

所以，这里有一些代码，展示了如何使用上面的代码…

var iterator = CreateIterator(new string[3] { "Foo", "Bar", "Baz"});

// So, although CreateIterator() has been called and returned, the variable 
// "i" within CreateIterator() will live on because of a closure created 
// within that method, so that every time the anonymous delegate returned 
// from it is called (by calling iterator()) it's value will increment.

string currentString;    
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now "Foo"
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now "Bar"
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now "Baz"
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now null

希望这对大家有所帮助。

Closures are chunks of code that reference a variable outside themselves, (from below them on the stack), that might be called or executed later, (like when an event or delegate is defined, and could get called at some indefinite future point in time)... Because the outside variable that the chunk of code references may gone out of scope (and would otherwise have been lost), the fact that it is referenced by the chunk of code (called a closure) tells the runtime to "hold" that variable in scope until it is no longer needed by the closure chunk of code...

基本上闭包是一段代码，你可以把它作为参数传递给函数。c#支持匿名委托形式的闭包。

这里有一个简单的例子: 列表。Find方法可以接受并执行一段代码(闭包)来查找列表的项。

// Passing a block of code as a function argument
List<int> ints = new List<int> {1, 2, 3};
ints.Find(delegate(int value) { return value == 1; });

使用c# 3.0语法，我们可以这样写:

ints.Find(value => value == 1);

闭包是在另一个函数(或方法)中定义的函数，它使用父方法中的变量。这种位于方法中并包装在其中定义的函数中的变量的使用称为闭包。

Mark Seemann在他的博客文章中有一些关于闭包的有趣例子，他将面向对象编程和函数式编程进行了比较。

让它更详细

var workingDirectory = new DirectoryInfo(Environment.CurrentDirectory);//when this variable
Func<int, string> read = id =>
    {
        var path = Path.Combine(workingDirectory.FullName, id + ".txt");//is used inside this function
        return File.ReadAllText(path);
    };//the entire process is called a closure.

Func<int, int> GetMultiplier(int a)
{
     return delegate(int b) { return a * b; } ;
}
//...
var fn2 = GetMultiplier(2);
var fn3 = GetMultiplier(3);
Console.WriteLine(fn2(2));  //outputs 4
Console.WriteLine(fn2(3));  //outputs 6
Console.WriteLine(fn3(2));  //outputs 6
Console.WriteLine(fn3(3));  //outputs 9

闭包是传递到创建闭包的函数外部的匿名函数。 它维护它所使用的函数中的任何变量。