如果你想检查一个街区，你可以试试吗？还是全部？。

%w{ant bear cat}.any? {|word| word.length >= 3}   #=> true  
%w{ant bear cat}.any? {|word| word.length >= 4}   #=> true  
[ nil, true, 99 ].any?                            #=> true  

有关详细信息，请参见Enumerable。

我的灵感来自于“评估数组中是否有任何项目”

还有另一种方法。

假设数组是[：edit，：update，：create，：show]，那么可能就是七宗致命/宁静的罪。

还有一个想法，就是从某个字符串中提取一个有效的动作：

"my brother would like me to update his profile"

然后：

[ :edit, :update, :create, :show ].select{|v| v if "my brother would like me to update his profile".downcase =~ /[,|.| |]#{v.to_s}[,|.| |]/}

使用Enumerable#include：

a = %w/Cat Dog Bird/

a.include? 'Dog'

或者，如果完成了大量测试，1您可以摆脱循环（甚至包括？has），并通过以下方式从O（n）变为O（1）：

h = Hash[[a, a].transpose]
h['Dog']

1.我希望这是显而易见的，但为了避免反对意见：是的，对于几个查找，Hash[]和转置操作占据了配置文件的主导地位，并且每个操作本身都是O（n）。

这不仅会告诉你它存在，还会告诉你它出现的次数：

 a = ['Cat', 'Dog', 'Bird']
 a.count("Dog")
 #=> 1

有几个答案建议阵列#包括？，但有一个重要的警告：查看源代码，甚至是Array#include？确实执行循环：

rb_ary_includes(VALUE ary, VALUE item)
{
    long i;

    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
        if (rb_equal(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), item)) {
            return Qtrue;
        }
    }
    return Qfalse;
}

在不循环的情况下测试单词存在的方法是为数组构造一个trie。有很多trie实现（谷歌“ruby trie”）。我将在本例中使用随机trie：

a = %w/cat dog bird/

require 'rambling-trie' # if necessary, gem install rambling-trie
trie = Rambling::Trie.create { |trie| a.each do |e| trie << e end }

现在，我们已经准备好测试数组中各种单词的存在，而无需在O（log n）时间内对其进行循环，语法简单性与array#include？，使用子线Trie#include？：

trie.include? 'bird' #=> true
trie.include? 'duck' #=> false

我总是觉得运行一些基准测试来查看各种方法的相对速度很有趣。

在开始、中间或结束处查找数组元素将影响任何线性搜索，但几乎不会影响对集合的搜索。

将一个数组转换为一个集合会导致处理时间的减少，所以从一个数组创建一次集合，或者从一开始就创建一个集合。

以下是基准代码：

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'fruity'
require 'set'

ARRAY = (1..20_000).to_a
SET = ARRAY.to_set

DIVIDER = '-' * 20

def array_include?(elem)
  ARRAY.include?(elem)
end

def array_member?(elem)
  ARRAY.member?(elem)
end

def array_index(elem)
  ARRAY.index(elem) >= 0
end

def array_find_index(elem)
  ARRAY.find_index(elem) >= 0
end

def array_index_each(elem)
  ARRAY.index { |each| each == elem } >= 0
end

def array_find_index_each(elem)
  ARRAY.find_index { |each| each == elem } >= 0
end

def array_any_each(elem)
  ARRAY.any? { |each| each == elem }
end

def array_find_each(elem)
  ARRAY.find { |each| each == elem } != nil
end

def array_detect_each(elem)
  ARRAY.detect { |each| each == elem } != nil
end

def set_include?(elem)
  SET.include?(elem)
end

def set_member?(elem)
  SET.member?(elem)
end

puts format('Ruby v.%s', RUBY_VERSION)

{
  'First' => ARRAY.first,
  'Middle' => (ARRAY.size / 2).to_i,
  'Last' => ARRAY.last
}.each do |k, element|
  puts DIVIDER, k, DIVIDER

  compare do
    _array_include?        { array_include?(element)        }
    _array_member?         { array_member?(element)         }
    _array_index           { array_index(element)           }
    _array_find_index      { array_find_index(element)      }
    _array_index_each      { array_index_each(element)      }
    _array_find_index_each { array_find_index_each(element) }
    _array_any_each        { array_any_each(element)        }
    _array_find_each       { array_find_each(element)       }
    _array_detect_each     { array_detect_each(element)     }
  end
end

puts '', DIVIDER, 'Sets vs. Array.include?', DIVIDER
{
  'First' => ARRAY.first,
  'Middle' => (ARRAY.size / 2).to_i,
  'Last' => ARRAY.last
}.each do |k, element|
  puts DIVIDER, k, DIVIDER

  compare do
    _array_include? { array_include?(element) }
    _set_include?   { set_include?(element)   }
    _set_member?    { set_member?(element)    }
  end
end

在我的Mac OS笔记本电脑上运行时，会导致：

Ruby v.2.7.0
--------------------
First
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 5 seconds.
_array_include? is similar to _array_index
_array_index is similar to _array_find_index
_array_find_index is faster than _array_any_each by 2x ± 1.0
_array_any_each is similar to _array_index_each
_array_index_each is similar to _array_find_index_each
_array_find_index_each is faster than _array_member? by 4x ± 1.0
_array_member? is faster than _array_detect_each by 2x ± 1.0
_array_detect_each is similar to _array_find_each
--------------------
Middle
--------------------
Running each test 32 times. Test will take about 2 seconds.
_array_include? is similar to _array_find_index
_array_find_index is similar to _array_index
_array_index is faster than _array_member? by 2x ± 0.1
_array_member? is faster than _array_index_each by 2x ± 0.1
_array_index_each is similar to _array_find_index_each
_array_find_index_each is similar to _array_any_each
_array_any_each is faster than _array_detect_each by 30.000000000000004% ± 10.0%
_array_detect_each is similar to _array_find_each
--------------------
Last
--------------------
Running each test 16 times. Test will take about 2 seconds.
_array_include? is faster than _array_find_index by 10.000000000000009% ± 10.0%
_array_find_index is similar to _array_index
_array_index is faster than _array_member? by 3x ± 0.1
_array_member? is faster than _array_find_index_each by 2x ± 0.1
_array_find_index_each is similar to _array_index_each
_array_index_each is similar to _array_any_each
_array_any_each is faster than _array_detect_each by 30.000000000000004% ± 10.0%
_array_detect_each is similar to _array_find_each

--------------------
Sets vs. Array.include?
--------------------
--------------------
First
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 1 second.
_array_include? is similar to _set_include?
_set_include? is similar to _set_member?
--------------------
Middle
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 2 minutes.
_set_member? is similar to _set_include?
_set_include? is faster than _array_include? by 1400x ± 1000.0
--------------------
Last
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 4 minutes.
_set_member? is similar to _set_include?
_set_include? is faster than _array_include? by 3000x ± 1000.0

基本上，如果我要搜索包含，结果告诉我对所有内容都使用Set，除非我能保证第一个元素是我想要的，这不太可能。在哈希表中插入元素时会有一些开销，但搜索速度要快得多，我认为这不应该是一个考虑因素。同样，如果您需要搜索它，请不要使用数组，而是使用集合。（或哈希。）

Array越小，Array方法运行得越快，但它们仍然无法跟上，尽管在小数组中，差异可能很小。

“First”、“Middle”和“Last”反映了所搜索元素在ARRAY中使用First、size/2和Last。搜索ARRAY和SET变量时将使用该元素。

对与>0进行比较的方法进行了轻微更改，因为索引类型测试的测试应为>=0。

有关Fruity及其方法的更多信息，请参见其README。